Methods For Controlling Pests

ABSTRACT

Ready-to-use foamable pesticide compositions that contain a particulate pesticide suspended therein and applicators for dispensing such compositions. Methods for treating pests such as arthropods by contacting pests with such compositions are also provided.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/607,249, filed Sep. 7, 2012, which is a divisional of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 12/769,414, filed Apr. 28, 2010, which claims thebenefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/173,283, filed Apr. 28,2009, and of U.S. Provisional No. 61/237,977, filed Aug. 28, 2009, eachof which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

BACKGROUND

The field of the disclosure relates to pesticide compositions and, moreparticularly, ready-to-use foamable pesticide compositions that containa particulate pesticide. The field of the disclosure also relates topesticide applicators and methods for controlling pests. The pesticidecompositions of embodiments of the present disclosure are well-suitedfor general application but are particularly well-suited for treatingarthropods including insects and, particularly, for treating termites,ants, cockroaches and beetles.

Insects and other arthropod pests can have negative effects on thequality of human life. For instance, when found in the home, insects andother arthropods can be a source of annoyance due purely to theirpresence. They may also spread disease and allergens. Additionally, whenfound on plants and crops, insects and other pest arthropods can destroyfoliage and fruit, and may adversely affect plant and crop growth,quality, and yield.

Among the insects which are particularly undesirable are termites.Termites are well known for their destructive effects on residences,businesses and various other structures. The damage from termiteinfestations results in huge economic losses, structural safetyconcerns, and destruction of architecturally valuable structures. Antsare also particularly undesirable. Some species of ants are known todamage crops and others may bite humans or pets as an attack or defensemechanism. Cockroaches and beetles are also undesirable pests.Cockroaches may carry a number of organisms that cause disease andbeetles are known to damage food and residential and commercialstructures.

It is domestically and commercially desirable to control termites andants through the use of pesticide products. It is also desirable tocontrol other crawling arthropods, such as cockroaches, beetles,earwigs, silverfish, crickets, spiders, centipedes, millipedes,scorpions, pillbugs, sowbugs and various flying insects including flies,mosquitoes, gnats, moths, wasps, hornets, bees and the like.

A broad range of compounds have been found to be toxic to insects andother arthropods such that formulations containing the compounds may beused for their control. However, many arthropods inhabit spaces andvoids both inside and outside residential and commercial structures inwhich it is difficult to apply the compounds. For instance, pests mayinhabit voids within walls that contain plumbing and electricalstructures that limit application of a pesticide. There is a continuingneed for new compositions, products and methods that enable toxiccompounds to be applied to hard-to-reach locations which host pests.

In many instances, proper treatment includes application of suchcompositions to the entire exterior perimeter of structures to act as abarrier for entry of pests or to ensure that pests entering and exitingthe structure contact the pesticide. In such exterior applications, ahomeowner or pest control professional applies the composition to anexterior surface of the structure, such as near the base thereof, and/oron the ground surface near the structure and/or on other exteriorsurfaces such as landscape timber or open area ground surfaces.Compositions used for conventional exterior applications are typicallyapplied in liquid form, which renders it difficult for the personapplying the treatment to readily determine which areas have beentreated and which have not. This can result in under- orover-application of the composition.

There is a also a continuing need for compositions, application devicesand associated application methods that enable toxic compounds to beapplied over broad surfaces such as around the exterior perimeter of abuilding structure, landscape materials, ground surfaces, and the like.There is also a need for such compositions, application devices andapplication methods that enable persons applying the compositions totrack where the composition has been applied during a treatment process.

SUMMARY

In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method for controlling pestsincludes contacting a pest with a pesticidally effective amount of acomposition. The composition includes a diluent, a particulate pesticidesuspended in the diluent, a thickening agent and a surfactant systemcomprising at least one surfactant.

Yet another aspect of the present disclosure is directed to a method forapplying a pesticide to a target surface. The method includes dispensinga pesticide composition onto a first area of the target surface. Thepesticide composition includes a visual indicator to visually indicatewhere the pesticide composition has been applied after dispensing.Additional pesticide composition is dispensed onto a second area of thetarget surface at least in part different from the first area thereofbased at least in part on the visual indicator present in the pesticidecomposition dispensed onto the first area of the target surface.

Various refinements exist of the features noted in relation to theabove-mentioned aspects of the present invention. Further features mayalso be incorporated in the above-mentioned aspects of the presentinvention as well. These refinements and additional features may existindividually or in any combination. For instance, various featuresdiscussed below in relation to any of the illustrated embodiments of thepresent invention may be incorporated into any of the above-describedaspects of the present invention, alone or in any combination.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a front-side view of a pesticide applicator according to oneembodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a front-side view of a pesticide applicator according to asecond embodiment of the present disclosure; and

FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of a pesticide applicatoraccording to a third embodiment of the present disclosure.

Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding partsthroughout the drawings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Among the provisions of the present disclosure are ready-to-use foamablepesticide compositions, pesticide applicators and methods forcontrolling pests. It has been found that in embodiments of the presentdisclosure, a toxic chemical (e.g., fipronil) may generally be includedin a composition that includes a diluent, thickening agent and asurfactant system. In certain embodiments, the pesticide is in aparticulate form and the particulate is suspended in the composition.The composition of certain embodiments is generally foamable uponapplication allowing the composition to be applied in hard-to-reachvoids, spaces and crevices. Once applied, the composition expands tofill the void, space or crevice allowing for greater bioavailability ofthe pesticide and for more effective control of the target pest. Forinstance, the pesticide composition of embodiments of the presentdisclosure may be applied to an insect gallery or tunnel or to aconstricted area within a structure. Upon application, the compositiongenerally foams and flows within the void and around obstructions toprovide more complete coverage of the target site of application leadingto better control of insects and other arthropods.

It has also been found that the foaming-action of the pesticidecomposition allows those applying the composition to track where thepesticide composition has been applied which prevents over- andunder-application of the composition. This is particularly beneficialwhen applying the composition in outdoor areas, such as about theperimeter of a building structure. The foaming composition, according tocertain embodiments, is generally fast-breaking which allows thecomposition to visually disappear shortly after application such that itis unlikely that the formulation is visibly observed by persons otherthan the person applying the composition such as, for example, ahomeowner.

Ready-to-Use Foamable Pesticide Composition

In one embodiment of the present disclosure, a ready-to-use foamablepesticide composition is provided. For purposes of the presentdisclosure, “ready-to-use” refers to compositions that are not in aconcentrate form but rather which may be applied without modification ofthe relative amounts of components within the product. In this regard,as used herein, the term “pesticide” refers to any substance or mixturefor preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest includinginsects, animals (e.g., mice, rats), plants (e.g., weeds), fungi,microorganisms (e.g., bacteria and viruses), pseudocoelomates (e.g.,nematodes) and prions. The term “arthropodicide”, which is a type ofpesticide, is used herein to mean any substance or mixture forpreventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating arthropods. The term“insecticide”, which is a type of pesticide, is used herein to mean anysubstance or mixture for preventing, destroying, repelling, ormitigating insects. The term “termiticide”, which is a type ofinsecticide, is used herein to mean any substance or mixture forpreventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating termites.

Suitable pesticides which may be included in the compositions of thepresent disclosure (and particularly, suitable arthropodicides and/orinsecticides) include the following list of compounds (“M compounds”):

-   -   (M1) Organo(thio)phosphate compounds: acephate, azamethiphos,        azinphos-ethyl, azinphos-methyl, chlorethoxyfos,        chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl,        coumaphos, cyanophos, demeton-S-methyl, diazinon,        dichlorvos/DDVP, dicrotophos, dimethoate, dimethylvinphos,        disulfoton, EPN, ethion, ethoprophos, famphur, fenamiphos,        fenitrothion, fenthion, flupyrazophos, fosthiazate, heptenophos,        isoxathion, malathion, mecarbam, methamidophos, methidathion,        mevinphos, monocrotophos, omethoate, oxydemeton-methyl,        parathion, parathion-methyl, phenthoate, phorate, phosalone,        phosmet, phosphamidon, phoxim, pirimiphos-methyl, profenofos,        propetamphos, prothiofos, pyraclofos, pyridaphenthion,        quinalphos, sulfotep, tebupirimfos, temephos, terbufos,        tetrachlorvinphos, thiometon, triazophos, trichlorfon and        vamidothion;    -   (M2) carbamate compounds: aldicarb, alanycarb, bendiocarb,        benfuracarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, carbaryl, carbofuran,        carbosulfan, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, formetanate,        furathiocarb, isoprocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb,        oxamyl, pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox,        trimethacarb, XMC, xylylcarb and triazamate;    -   (M3) pyrethroid compounds: acrinathrin, allethrin, d-cis-trans        allethrin, d-trans allethrin, bifenthrin, bioallethrin,        bioallethrin S-cylclopentenyl, bioresmethrin, cycloprothrin,        cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin,        gamma-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin,        beta-cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin,        cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, empenthrin, esfenvalerate,        etofenprox, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, flucythrinate,        flumethrin, tau-fluvalinate, halfenprox, imiprothrin,        metofluthrin, permethrin, phenothrin, prallethrin, profluthrin,        pyrethrin (pyrethrum), resmethrin, silafluofen, tefluthrin,        tetramethrin, tralomethrin and transfluthrin;    -   (M4) juvenile hormone mimics: hydroprene, kinoprene, methoprene,        fenoxycarb and pyriproxyfen;    -   (M5) nicotinic receptor agonists/antagonists compounds:        acetamiprid, bensultap, cartap hydrochloride, clothianidin,        dinotefuran, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, nitenpyram, nicotine,        spinosad (allosteric agonist), spinetoram (allosteric agonist),        thiacloprid, thiocyclam, thiosultap-sodium and AKD1022;    -   (M6) GABA gated chloride channel antagonist compounds:        chlordane, endosulfan, gamma-HCH (lindane); ethiprole, fipronil,        pyrafluprole and pyriprole    -   (M7) chloride channel activators: abamectin, emamectin benzoate,        milbemectin and lepimectin;    -   (M8) METI I compounds: fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyrimidifen,        pyridaben, tebufenpyrad, tolfenpyrad, flufenerim, rotenone;    -   (M9) METI II and III compounds: acequinocyl, fluacyprim and        hydramethylnon;    -   (M10) uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation: chlorfenapyr and        DNOC;    -   (M11) inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation: azocyclotin,        cyhexatin, diafenthiuron, fenbutatin oxide, propargite and        tetradifon;    -   (M12) moulting disruptors: cyromazine, chromafenozide,        halofenozide, methoxyfenozide and tebufenozide;    -   (M13) synergists: piperonyl butoxide and tribufos;    -   (M14) sodium channel blocker compounds: indoxacarb and        metaflumizone;    -   (M15) selective feeding blockers: crylotie, pymetrozine and        flonicamid;    -   (M16) mite growth inhibitors: clofentezine, hexythiazox and        etoxazole;    -   (M17) chitin synthesis inhibitors: buprofezin, bistrifluoron,        chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron,        hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, teflubenzuron        and triflumuron;    -   (M18) lipid biosynthesis inhibitors: spirodiclofen, spiromesifen        and spirotetramat;    -   (M19) octapaminergic agonsits: amitraz;    -   (M20) ryanodine receptor modulators: flubendiamide and the        phtalamid compound (R)-,        (S)-3-Chlor-N1-{2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluor-1-(trifluormethyl)ethyl]phenyl}-N2-(1-methyl-2-methylsulfonylethyl)phthalamid        (M20.1);    -   (M21) isoxazoline compounds:        4-[5-(3,5-Dichloro-phenyl)-5-trifluoromethyl-4,5-dihydro-isoxazol-3-yl]-2-methyl-N-pyridin-2-ylmethyl-benzamide        (M21.1),        4-[5-(3,5-Dichloro-phenyl)-5-trifluoromethyl-4,5-dihydro-isoxazol-3-yl]-2-methyl-N-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-benzamide        (M21.2),        4-[5-(3,5-Dichloro-phenyl)-5-trifluoromethyl-4,5-dihydro-isoxazol-3-yl]-2-methyl-N-[(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethylcarbamoyl)-methyl]-benzamide        (M21.3),        4-[5-(3,5-Dichloro-phenyl)-5-trifluoromethyl-4,5-dihydro-isoxazol-3-yl]-naphthalene-1-carboxylic        acid [(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethylcarbamoyl)-methyl]-amide (M21.4),        4-[5-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)-5-trifluoromethyl-4,5-dihydro-isoxazol-3-yl]-N-[(methoxyimino)methyl]-2-methylbenzamide        (M21.5)        4-[5-(3-Chloro-5-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-5-trifluoromethyl-4,5-dihydro-isoxazol-3-yl]-2-methyl-N-[(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethylcarbamoyl)-methyl]-benzamide        (M21.6),        4-[5-(3-Chloro-5-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-5-trifluoromethyl-4,5-dihydro-isoxazol-3-yl]-naphthalene-1-carboxylic        acid [(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethylcarbamoyl)-methyl]-amide (M21.7) and        5-[5-(3,5-Dichloro-4-fluoro-phenyl)-5-trifluoromethyl-4,5-dihydro-isoxazol-3-yl]-2-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl-benzonitrile        (M21.8);    -   (M22) anthranilamide compounds: chloranthraniliprole,        cyantraniliprole,        5-Bromo-2-(3-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid        [4-cyano-2-(1-cyclopropyl-ethylcarbamoyl)-6-methyl-phenyl]-amide        (M22.1),        5-Bromo-2-(3-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid        [2-chloro-4-cyano-6-(1-cyclopropyl-ethylcarbamoyl)-phenyl]-amide        (M22.2),        5-Bromo-2-(3-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid        [2-bromo-4-cyano-6-(1-cyclopropyl-ethylcarbamoyl)-phenyl]-amide        (M22.3),        5-Bromo-2-(3-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid        [2-bromo-4-chloro-6-(1-cyclopropyl-ethylcarbamoyl)-phenyl]-amide        (M22.4),        5-Bromo-2-(3-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid        [2,4-dichloro-6-(1-cyclopropyl-ethylcarbamoyl)-phenyl]-amide        (M22.5),        5-Bromo-2-(3-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid        [4-chloro-2-(1-cyclopropyl-ethylcarbamoyl)-6-methyl-phenyl]-amide        (M22.6),        N′-(2-{[5-Bromo-2-(3-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-2H-pyrazole-3-carbonyl]-amino}-5-chloro-3-methyl-benzoyl)-hydrazinecarboxylic        acid methyl ester (M22.7),        N′-(2-{[5-Bromo-2-(3-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-2H-pyrazole-3-carbonyl]-amino}-5-chloro-3-methyl-benzoyl)-N′-methyl-hydrazinecarboxylic        acid methyl ester (M22.8),        N′-(2-{[5-Bromo-2-(3-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-2H-pyrazole-3-carbonyl]-amino}-5-chloro-3-methyl-benzoyl)-N,N′-dimethyl-hydrazinecarboxylic        acid methyl ester (M22.9),        N′-(3,5-Dibromo-2-{[5-bromo-2-(3-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-2H-pyrazole-3-carbonyl]-amino}-benzoyl)-hydrazinecarboxylic        acid methyl ester (M22.10),        N′-(3,5-Dibromo-2-{[5-bromo-2-(3-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-2H-pyrazole-3-carbonyl]-amino}-benzoyl)-N′-methyl-hydrazinecarboxylic        acid methyl ester (M22.11) and        N′-(3,5-Dibromo-2-{[5-bromo-2-(3-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-2H-pyrazole-3-carbonyl]-amino}-benzoyl)-N,N′-dimethyl-hydrazinecarboxylic        acid methyl ester (M22.12);    -   (M23) malononitrile compounds:        2-(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoropentyl)-2-(3,3,3-trifluoro-propyl)malononitrile        (CF2H—CF2-CF2-CF2-CH2-C(CN)2-CH2-CH2-CF3) (M23.1) and        2-(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoropentyl)-2-(3,3,4,4,4-pentafluorobutyl)-malonodinitrile        (CF2-CF2-CF2-CF2-CH2-C(CN)2-CH2-CH2-CF2-CF3) (M23.2);    -   (M24) microbial disruptors: Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.        Israelensi, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.        Aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki and Bacillus        thuringiensis subsp. Tenebrionis;    -   (M25) aminofuranone compounds:        4-{[(6-Bromopyrid-3-yl)methyl](2-fluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on        (M25.1),        4-{[(6-Fluoropyrid-3-yl)methyl](2,2-difluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on        (M25.2),        4-{[(2-Chloro-1,3-thiazolo-5-yl)methyl](2-fluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on        (M25.3),        4-{[(6-Chloropyrid-3-yl)methyl](2-fluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on        (M25.4),        4-{[(6-Chloropyrid-3-yl)methyl](2,2-difluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on        (M25.5),        4-{[(6-Chloro-5-fluoropyrid-3-yl)methyl](methyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on        (M25.6),        4-{[(5,6-Dichloropyrid-3-yl)methyl](2-fluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on        (M25.7),        4-{[(6-Chloro-5-fluoropyrid-3-yl)methyl](cyclopropyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on        (M25.8),        4-{[(6-Chloropyrid-3-yl)methyl](cyclopropyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on        (M25.9) and        4-{[(6-Chloropyrid-3-yl)methyl](methyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on        (M25.10);    -   (M26) various compounds: amidoflumet, benclothiaz, benzoximate,        bifenazate, borax, bromopropylate, cyenopyrafen, cyflumetofen,        chinomethionate, dicofol, fluoroacetate, pyridalyl,        pyrifluquinazon, tartar emetic, sulfoxaflor,        N—R′-2,2-dihalo-1-R″cyclo-propanecarboxamide-2-(2,6-dichloro-α,α,α-trifluoro-p-tolyl)hydrazone        or        N—R′-2,2-di(R″)propionamide-2-(2,6-dichloro-α,α,α-trifluoro-p-tolyl)-hydrazone,        wherein R′ is methyl or ethyl, halo is chloro or bromo, R″ is        hydrogen or methyl and R′ is methyl or ethyl,        4-But-2-ynyloxy-6-(3,5-dimethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-2-fluoro-pyrimidine        (M26.1), Cyclopropaneacetic acid,        1,1′-[(3S,4R,4aR,6S,6aS,12R,12aS,12bS)-4-[[(2-cyclopropylacetyl)oxy]methyl]-1,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,12,12a,12b-decahydro-[2-hydroxy-4,6a,12b-trimethyl-11-oxo-9-(3-pyridinyl)-2H,11H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyrano[3,4-e]pyran-3,6-diyl]ester(M26.2)        and        8-(2-Cyclopropylmethoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-3-(6-trifluoromethyl-pyridazin-3-yl)-3-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane        (M26.3).

The commercially available compounds described above may be found in ThePesticide Manual, 13th Edition, British Crop Protection Council (2003)among other publications.

Paraoxon and their preparation have been described in Farm ChemicalsHandbook, Volume 88, Meister Publishing Company, 2001. Flupyrazofos hasbeen described in Pesticide Science 54, 1988, p. 237-243 and in U.S.Pat. No. 4,822,779. AKD 1022 and its preparation have been described inU.S. Pat. No. 6,300,348. The anthranilamides M22.1 to M22.6 have beendescribed in WO 2008/72743 and WO 200872783 and M22.7 to M22.12 havebeen described in WO 2007/043677. The phthalamide M20.1 is known from WO2007/101540. The alkynylether compound M26.1 is described in, forexample, JP 2006131529. Organic sulfur compounds have been described inWO 2007/060839. The isoxazoline compounds M 21.1 to M21.8 have beendescribed in, for example, WO 2005/085216, WO 2007/079162, WO2007/026965, WO 2009/126668 and WO 2009/051956. The aminofuranonecompounds M25.1 to M25.10 have been described in, for example, WO2007/115644. The pyripyropene derivative M 26.2 has been described in WO2008/66153 and WO 2008/108491. The pyridazin compound M26.3 has beendescribed in JP 2008/115155. Malononitrile compounds as M23.1 and M23.2have been described in WO 02/089579, WO 02/090320, WO 02/090321, WO04/006677, WO 05/068423, WO 05/068432 and WO 05/063694.

Suitable fungicides which may be included in the compositions of thepresent include the following list of compounds (“N compounds”):

-   -   (N1) respiration Inhibitors:        -   (N1a) inhibitors of complex III at Qo site (e.g.            strobilurins):            -   strobilurins: azoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, enestroburin,                fluoxastro-bin, kresoxim-methyl, meto-minostrobin,                orysastrobin, picoxy-strobin, pyraclostrobin,                pyrametostrobin, pyraoxystrobin, pyribencarb,                trifloxystrobin, methyl (2-chloro-5                [1-(3-methylbenzyl-oxy-imino)-ethyl]benzyl)-carba-mate                and 2                (2-(3-(2,6-di-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-allylidene-aminooxy-methyl)-phenyl)-2-methoxyimino-N                methyl-acetamide;            -   oxazolidinediones and imidazolinones: famoxadone,                fenamidone;        -   (N1b) inhibitors of complex II (e.g. carboxamides)            -   carboxanilides: benodanil, bixafen, boscalid, carboxin,                fen-furam, fenhexamid, fluopyram, flutolanil,                furametpyr, isopyrazam, isotianil, mepronil,                oxycarboxin, penflufen, penthiopyrad, sedaxane,                tecloftalam, thifluz-amide, tiadinil, 2-amino-4                methyl-thiazole-5-carbox-anilide, N-(3′,4′,5′                tri-fluoro-bi-phenyl-2                yl)-3-difluoro-methyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4                carboxamide,                N-(4′-tri-fluoro-methyl-thiobi-phenyl-2-yl)-3                difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H pyrazole-4-carbox-amide and                N-(2-(1,3,3-trimethyl-butyl)-phenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-5                fluoro-1H-pyrazole-4 carbox-amide;        -   (N1c) inhibitors of complex III at Qi site:            -   cyazofamid, amisulbrom;        -   (N1d) other respiration inhibitors (complex I, uncouplers)            -   diflumetorim;            -   nitrophenyl derivates: binapacryl, dinobuton, dinocap,                fluazinam, nitrthal-isopropyl, tecnazen;            -   ferimzone;            -   organometal compounds: fentin salts, such as                fentin-acetate, fentin chloride or fentin hydroxide;            -   ametoctradin;            -   silthiofam;    -   (N2) sterol biosynthesis inhibitors (SBI fungicides)        -   (N2a) C14 demethylase inhibitors (DMI fungicides, e.g.            triazoles, imidazoles):            -   triazoles: azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole,                cyproconazole, difenoconazole, diniconazole,                diniconazole-M, epoxiconazole, fenbuconazole,                fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, hexaconazole,                imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil,                paclobutrazole, penconazole, propiconazole,                prothio-conazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole,                tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triticonazole,                uniconazole;            -   imidazoles: imazalil, pefurazoate, oxpoconazole,                prochloraz, triflumizole;            -   pyrimidines, pyridines and piperazines: fenarimol,                nuarimol, pyrifenox, triforine;        -   (N2b) Delta 14-reductase inhibitors (Amines, e.g.            morpholines, piperidines            -   morpholines: aldimorph, dodemorph, dodemorph-acetate,                fenpropimorph, tridemorph;            -   piperidines: fenpropidin, piperalin;            -   spiroketalamines: spiroxamine;        -   (N2c) inhibitors of 3-keto reductase            -   hydroxyanilides: fenhexamid;    -   (N3) nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors        -   (N3a) RNA, DNA synthesis            -   phenylamides or acyl amino acid fungicides: benalaxyl,                benalaxyl-M, kiralaxyl, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M                (mefenoxam), ofurace, oxadixyl;            -   isoxazoles and iosothiazolones: hymexazole, octhilinone;        -   (N3b) DNA topisomerase inhibitors            -   oxolinic acid;        -   (N3c) nucleotide metabolism (e.g. adenosin-deaminase)            -   hydroxy (2-amino)-pyrimidines: bupirimate;    -   (N4) inhibitors of cell division and or cytoskeleton        -   (N4a) tubulin inhibitors            -   benzimidazoles and thiophanates: benomyl, carbendazim,                fuberidazole, thiabendazole, thiophanate-methyl;            -   triazolopyrimidines: 5-chloro-7                (4-methyl-piperidin-1-yl)-6-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)-[1,2,4]tri-azolo-[1,5a]pyrimidine        -   (N4b) other cell division inhibitors            -   benzamides and phenyl acetamides: diethofencarb,                ethaboxam, pencycuron, fluopicolide, zoxamide;        -   (N4C) actin inhibitors            -   benzophenones: metrafenone;    -   (N5) inhibitors of amino acid and protein synthesis        -   (N5a) methionine synthesis inhibitors (aniline pyrimidines)            -   anilino-pyrimidines: cyprodinil, mepanipyrim,                nitrapyrin, pyrimethanil;        -   (N5b) protein synthesis inhibitors (anilino-pyrimidines)            -   antibiotics: blasticidin-S, kasugamycin, kasugamycin                hydrochloride-hydrate, mildiomycin, streptomycin,                oxytetracyclin, polyoxine, validamycin A;    -   (N6) signal transduction inhibitors        -   (N6a) MAP/Histidine kinase inhibitors (e.g.            anilino-pyrimidines)            -   dicarboximides: fluoroimid, iprodione, procymidone,                vinclozolin;            -   phenylpyrroles: fenpiclonil, fludioxonil;        -   (N6b) G protein inhibitors (quinolines)            -   quinolines: quinoxyfen;    -   (N7) lipid and membrane synthesis inhibitors        -   (N7a) phospholipid biosynthesis inhibitors (e.g.)            -   organophosphorus compounds: edifenphos, iprobenfos,                pyrazophos;            -   dithiolanes: isoprothiolane;        -   (N7b) lipid peroxidation            -   aromatic hydrocarbons: dicloran, quintozene, tecnazene,                tolclofos-methyl, biphenyl, chloroneb, etridiazole;        -   (N7c) carboxyl acid amides (CAA fungicides)            -   cinnamic or mandelic acid amides: dimethomorph,                flumorph, mandiproamid, pyrimorph;            -   valinamide carbamates: benthiavalicarb, iprovalicarb,                pyribencarb, valifenalate and                N-(1-(1-(4-cyano-phenyl)-ethanesulfonyl)-but-2-yl)                carbamic acid-(4-fluorophenyl) ester;        -   (N7d) Compounds affecting cell membrane permeability and            fatty acides            -   carbamates: propamocarb, propamo-carb-hydrochlorid    -   (N8) inhibitors with Multi Site Action        -   (N8a) inorganic active substances            -   Bordeaux mixture, copper acetate, copper hydroxide,                copper oxychloride, basic copper sulfate, sulfur;        -   (N8b) thio- and dithiocarbamates            -   ferbam, mancozeb, maneb, metam, methasulphocarb,                metiram, propineb, thiram, zineb, ziram;        -   (N8c) organochlorine compounds (e.g. phthalimides,            sulfamides, chloronitriles)            -   anilazine, chlorothalonil, captafol, captan, folpet,                dichlofluanid, dichlorophen, flusulfamide,                hexachlorobenzene, pentachlorphenole and its salts,                phthalide, tolylfluanid,                N-(4-chloro-2-nitro-phenyl)-N-ethyl-4-methyl-benzenesulfonamide;        -   (N8d) guanidines            -   guanidine, dodine, dodine free base, guazatine,                guazatine-acetate, iminoctadine,                iminoctadine-triacetate, iminoctadine-tris(albesilate);        -   (N8e) ahtraquinones            -   dithianon;    -   (N9) Cell wall synthesis inhibitors        -   (N9a) Inhibitors of glucan synthesis            -   validamycin, polyoxin B;        -   (N9b) Melanin synthesis inhibitors            -   pyroquilon, tricyclazole, carpropamide, dicyclomet,                fenoxanil;    -   (N10) Plant defense inducers        -   (N10a) salicylic acid pathway            -   acibenzolar-S-methyl;        -   (N10b) others            -   probenazole, isotianil, tiadinil, prohexadione-calcium;            -   phosphonates: fosetyl, fosetyl-aluminum, phosphorous                acid and its salts;    -   (N11) Unknown mode of action        -   bronopol, chinomethionat, cyflufenamid, cymoxanil, dazomet,            debacarb, diclomezine, difenzoquat,            difenzoquat-methylsulfate, diphenylamin, flumetover,            flusulfamide, flutianil, methasulfocarb, oxin-copper,            proquinazid, tebufloquin, tecloftalam, triazoxide,            2-butoxy-6-iodo-3-propylchromen-4-one,            N-(cyclo-propylmethoxyimino-(6-difluoro-methoxy-2,3-difluoro-phenyl)-methyl)-2-phenyl            acetamide,            N′-(4-(4-chloro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N            methyl formamidine, N′            (4-(4-fluoro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl            formamidine,            N′-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-4-(3-trimethyl-silanyl-prop-oxy)-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl            formamidine, N′-(5-difluoromethyl-2            methyl-4-(3-tri-methylsilanyl-propoxy)-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl            formamidine,            2-{1-[2-(5-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-pyrazole-1-yl)-acetyl]-piperidin-4-yl}-thiazole-4-carboxylic            acid methyl-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-naphthalen-1-yl)-amide,            2-{1-[2-(5-meth-yl-3-trifluoromethyl-pyrazole-1-yl)-acetyl]-piperidin-4-yl}-thiazole-4-carboxylic            acid methyl-(R)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-naphthalen-1-yl-amide,            methoxy-acetic acid            6-tert-butyl-8-fluoro-2,3-dimethyl-quinolin-4-yl ester and            N-Methyl-2-{1-[(5-methyl-3-trifluoro-methyl-1H-pyr-azol-1-yl)-acetyl]-piperi-din-4-yl}-N-[(1R)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-naphthalen-1-yl]-4-thi-azolecarboxamide,            3-[5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-isoxazolidin-3            yl]-pyridine,            3-[5-(4-methyl-phenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-isoxazolidin-3-yl]-pyridine,            5-amino-2-iso-propyl-3-oxo-4-ortho-tolyl-2,3-dihydro-pyrazole-1            carbo-thioic acid S-allyl ester,            N-(6-methoxy-pyridin-3-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid amide,            5-chloro-1            (4,6-dimethoxy-pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-methyl-1H-benzoimidazole,            2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-N-[4-(3,4-dimeth-oxy-phenyl)-isoxazol-5-yl]-2-prop-2-ynyloxy-acetamide;    -   (N12) growth regulators        -   abscisic acid, amidochlor, ancymidol, 6-benzylaminopurine,            brassinolide, butralin, chlormequat (chlormequat chloride),            choline chloride, cyclanilide, daminozide, dike-gulac,            dimethipin, 2,6-dimethylpuridine, ethephon, flumetralin,            flurprimidol, fluthi-acet, forchlorfenuron, gibberellic            acid, inabenfide, indole-3-acetic acid, maleic hydrazide,            mefluidide, mepiquat (mepiquat chloride), naphthaleneacetic            acid, N 6 benzyladenine, paclobutrazol, prohexadione            (prohexadione-calcium), prohydrojasmon, thidiazuron,            triapenthenol, tributyl phosphorotrithioate, 2,3,5 tri            iodobenzoic acid, trinexapac-ethyl and uniconazole;    -   (N13) biological control agents        -   antifungal biocontrol agents: Bacillus substilis strain with            NRRL No. B-21661 (e.g. RHAPSODY®, SERENADE® MAX and            SERENADE® ASO from AgraQuest, Inc., USA.), Bacillus pumilus            strain with NRRL No. B-30087 (e.g. SONATA® and BALLAD® Plus            from AgraQuest, Inc., USA), Ulocladium oudemansii (e.g. the            product BOTRY-ZEN from BotriZen Ltd., New Zealand), Chitosan            (e.g. ARMOUR-ZEN from BotriZen Ltd., New Zealand).

Suitable herbicides that may be incorporated into the pesticidecompositions of the present disclosure include the compounds listedbelow (“P Compounds”)

-   -   (P1) acetamides: acetochlor, alachlor, butachlor, dimethachlor,        dimethenamid, flufenacet, mefenacet, metolachlor, metazachlor,        napropamide, naproanilide, pethoxamid, pretilachlor, propachlor,        thenylchlor;    -   (P2) amino acid derivatives: bilanafos, glyphosate, glufosinate,        sulfosate;    -   (P3) aryloxyphenoxypropionates: clodinafop, cyhalofop-butyl,        fenoxaprop, fluazifop, haloxyfop, metamifop, propaquizafop,        quizalofop, quizalofop-P-tefuryl;    -   (P4) Bipyridyls: diquat, paraquat;    -   (P5) (thio)carbamates: asulam, butylate, carbetamide,        desmedipham, dimepiperate, eptam (EPTC), esprocarb, molinate,        orbencarb, phenmedipham, prosulfocarb, pyributicarb,        thiobencarb, triallate;    -   (P6) cyclohexanediones: butroxydim, clethodim, cycloxydim,        profoxydim, sethoxydim, tepraloxydim, tralkoxydim;    -   (P7) dinitroanilines: benfluralin, ethalfluralin, oryzalin,        pendimethalin, prodiamine, trifluralin;    -   (P8) diphenyl ethers: acifluorfen, aclonifen, bifenox, diclofop,        ethoxyfen, fomesafen, lactofen, oxyfluorfen;    -   (P9) hydroxybenzonitriles: bomoxynil, dichlobenil, ioxynil;    -   (P10) imidazolinones: imazamethabenz, imazamox, imazapic,        imazapyr, imazaquin, imazethapyr;    -   (P11) phenoxy acetic acids: clomeprop, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic        acid (2,4-D), 2,4-DB, dichlorprop, MCPA, MCPA-thioethyl, MCPB,        Mecoprop;    -   (P12) pyrazines: chloridazon, flufenpyr-ethyl, fluthiacet,        norflurazon, pyridate;    -   (P13) pyridines: aminopyralid, clopyralid, diflufenican,        dithiopyr, fluridone, fluoroxypyr, picloram, picolinafen,        thiazopyr;    -   (P14) sulfonyl ureas: amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron,        chlorimuron-ethyl, chlorsulfuron, cinosulfuron, cyclosulfamuron,        ethoxysulfuron, flazasulfuron, flucetosulfuron, flupyrsulfuron,        foramsulfuron, halosulfuron, imazosulfuron, iodosulfuron,        mesosulfuron, metazosulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, nicosulfuron,        oxasulfuron, primisulfuron, prosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron,        rimsulfuron, sulfometuron, sulfosulfuron, thifensulfuron,        triasulfuron, tribenuron, trifloxysulfuron, triflusulfuron,        tritosulfuron, 1        ((2-chloro-6-propyl-imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazin-3-yl)sulfonyl)-3-(4,6-dimethoxy-pyrimidin-2-yl)urea;    -   (P15) triazines: ametryn, atrazine, cyanazine, dimethametryn,        ethiozin, hexazinone, metamitron, metribuzin, prometryn,        simazine, terbuthylazine, terbutryn, triaziflam;    -   (P16) ureas: chlorotoluron, daimuron, diuron, fluometuron,        isoproturon, linuron, metha-benzthiazuron, tebuthiuron;    -   (P17) other acetolactate synthase inhibitors: bispyribac-sodium,        cloransulam-methyl, diclosulam, florasulam, flucarbazone,        flumetsulam, metosulam, ortho-sulfamuron, penoxsulam,        propoxycarbazone, pyribambenz-propyl, pyribenzoxim, pyriftalid,        pyriminobac-methyl, pyrimisulfan, pyrithiobac, pyroxasulfone,        pyroxsulam;    -   (P18) others: amicarbazone, aminotriazole, anilofos,        beflubutamid, benazolin, bencarbazone, benfluresate, benzofenap,        bentazone, benzobicyclon, bicyclopyrone, bromacil, bromobutide,        butafenacil, butamifos, cafenstrole, carfentrazone,        cinidon-ethlyl, chlorthal, cinmethylin, clomazone, cumyluron,        cyprosulfamide, dicamba, difenzoquat, diflufenzopyr, Drechslera        monoceras, endothal, ethofumesate, etobenzanid, fenoxasulfone,        fentrazamide, flumiclorac-pentyl, flumioxazin, flupoxam,        fluorochloridone, flurtamone, indanofan, isoxaben, isoxaflutole,        lenacil, propanil, propyzamide, quinclorac, quinmerac,        mesotrione, methyl arsonic acid, naptalam, oxadiargyl,        oxadiazon, oxaziclomefone, pentoxazone, pinoxaden, pyraclonil,        pyraflufen-ethyl, pyrasulfotole, pyrazoxyfen, pyrazolynate,        quinoclamine, saflufenacil, sulcotrione, sulfentrazone,        terbacil, tefuryltrione, tembotrione, thiencarbazone,        topramezone,        (3-[2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-(3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-trifluoromethyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyrimidin-1-yl)-phenoxy]-pyridin-2-yloxy)-acetic        acid ethyl ester,        6-amino-5-chloro-2-cyclopropyl-pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid        methyl ester,        6-chloro-3-(2-cyclopropyl-6-methyl-phenoxy)-pyridazin-4-ol,        4-amino-3-chloro-6-(4-chloro-phenyl)-5-fluoro-pyridine-2-carboxylic        acid,        4-amino-3-chloro-6-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-pyridine-2-carboxylic        acid methyl ester, and        4-amino-3-chloro-6-(4-chloro-3-dimethylamino-2-fluoro-phenyl)-pyridine-2-carboxylic        acid methyl ester.

Typically the pesticide of the present disclosure is a particulate thatis suspended in the pesticide composition and, particularly, within andthroughout the diluent of the composition. Generally, any of thecompounds listed above may be a particulate in the composition. Forinstance, the active material may be in a crystallized and/or powderedform (e.g., relatively pure solid particulate material may be used) andmay be dispersed throughout a diluent in which the active is insolubleor at least partially insoluble. The composition of the presentdisclosure is generally not a emulsion; rather, after packaging, thecomposition generally is a colloidal dispersion and, after application,is a colloidal foam. In this regard, it should be understood that use ofthe term “particulate” herein does not include liquid or particulatematerials that have been microencapsulated and suspended in thepesticide composition. Pesticide compositions containingmicroencapsulated pesticides may have lesser activities thenformulations containing non-encapsulated pesticides and are generallymore expensive to produce.

In certain embodiments, the particulate pesticide is fipronil(synonymously “fluocyanobenpyrazole”). Fipronil is known chemically as(±)-5-amino-1-(2,6-dichloro-α,α,α-trifluoro-p-tolyl)-4-trifluoromethylsulfinylpyrazole-3-carbonitrileand is available in technical grades or in commercial concentrates suchas TERMIDOR® SC. The structure of fipronil is illustrated in Formula (I)below,

Fipronil has been found effective in treatment of many pests including,for example, termites, ants, beetles, cockroaches, fleas, ticks, molecrickets, thrips, rootworms and weevils. Generally, fipronil may betoxic to termites at a dose of 2 nanograms per termite and may be toxicto ants at a dose of about 1 nanogram per ant.

When fipronil is used at the pesticide, the average nominal diameter ofthe particulate fipronil may be less than about 50 μm and, in otherembodiments, less than about 25 μm, less than 10 μm or even less than 5μm. In various other embodiments, the average nominal diameter of theparticulate fipronil is from about 0.5 μm to about 25 μm, from about 0.5μm to about 10 μm or from about 1 μm to about 5 μm. Due to the smallparticle size of fipronil, the pesticide composition appears homogeneousto the naked eye before and after application. Smaller particle sizesare also preferred as smaller particles are less likely to settle outduring storage of the composition. Suitable commercially availablesources of fipronil include, for example, technical grade fipronil andTERMIDOR® SC.

The amount of pesticide utilized in the pesticide composition may varydepending on the intended use of the composition including, for example,the pests intended for control. In one embodiment, a pest is contactedwith the pesticide composition in a pesticidally effective amount. Forpurposes of the present disclosure, a “pesticidally effective amount” ofthe composition includes amounts that repel the pest and may include, inanother embodiment, amounts of the composition that kill the pest. Whenfipronil is used as the pesticide, the composition comprises at leastabout 0.005% by weight particulate fipronil and, in other embodiments,at least about 0.01%, at least about 0.04%, at least about 0.1% or evenat least about 0.5% by weight particulate fipronil. In various otherembodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.005% to about 3% byweight particulate fipronil, from about 0.005% to about 1% by weightparticulate fipronil or from about 0.01% to about 1% by weightparticulate fipronil.

When a pesticide other than fipronil is utilized (such as any of thecompounds listed above such as chlorfenapyr, metaflumizone,chloratraniprole, idoxacarb and α-cypermethrin), the compositioncomprises at least about 0.005% by weight pesticide and, in otherembodiments, at least about 0.01%, at least about 0.1% or even at leastabout 1% by weight pesticide.

As described above, the particulate pesticide may be suspended in thediluent of the pesticide composition. In one embodiment, the diluent iswater. Generally, the composition comprises at least about 50% diluentby weight and, in other embodiments, comprises at least about 75%, atleast about 85% or even at least about 90% diluent by weight of thecomposition.

In some embodiments, the pesticide composition comprises a thickeningagent. Generally, thickening agents are utilized to increase theviscosity of the composition and to impart desirable fluid properties tothe composition. Generally, natural or synthetic polysaccharide gums andsome clays (e.g., bentonite clay) may be used as a thickening agent.Among suitable thickening agents are xantham gum, guar gum, gum arabic,alginin, gum tragacanth, sodium alginate and mixtures thereof. In oneembodiment, the thickening agent is xantham gum. The composition mayinclude at least about 0.01% thickening agent by weight and, in anotherembodiment, at least about 0.05% thickening agent by weight. In variousembodiments, the pesticide composition includes from about 0.05% toabout 1% thickening agent by weight of the composition, from about 0.08%to about 0.5% or from about 0.08% to about 0.15% thickening agent byweight of the composition. The composition may include more than onethickening agent with the total amount of thickening agentscorresponding to the previously listed amounts.

The composition may also include a foaming stabilizer (or synonymously“breaking agent”). Generally, the foaming stabilizer regulates thelength of time the composition remains in a foam phase after it isapplied with relatively higher amounts of foaming stabilizer generallycorresponding to longer periods of time the composition remains as afoam and vice versa. Generally, the foam composition will disintegrateinto a liquid composition over time. The foam stabilizer may slow therate at which the foam disintegrates. The composition may include atleast about 0.01% foam stabilizer by weight and, in another embodiment,at least about 0.05% foam stabilizer by weight. In various embodiments,the pesticide composition includes from about 0.05% to about 1% foamstabilizer by weight of the composition, from about 0.08% to about 0.5%or from about 0.08% to about 0.15% foam stabilizer by weight of thecomposition.

In several embodiments of the present disclosure, the foam stabilizerand the thickening agent are the same, i.e., one compound or series ofcompounds act as a thickening agent and foam stabilizer. In oneembodiment, the foam stabilizer and thickening agent are a compoundselected from the group consisting of xantham gum, guar gum, gum arabic,alginin, gum tragacanth, sodium alginate and mixtures thereof. Inanother embodiment, the foam stabilizer and thickening agent are xanthamgum. In embodiments where the thickening agent and the foam stabilizerare the same compound or series of compounds, the compound(s) may bepresent in the composition in the amounts listed above relating to thethickening agent or the foam stabilizer.

In one embodiment, the composition is capable of remaining in a foamphase for at least about 30 minutes after application. Such compositionsmay generically be referred to as “slow-breaking.” This is desirablewhen the composition is to be applied to hard-to-reach voids, crevices,spaces or surfaces typically found on or near the exterior or interiorof residential or commercial structures such as, for example, voidswithin cabinetry, inside of wood-based-structural supports, voids withinbricks, retaining walls (particularly wood-based structures such asrailroad ties) and voids or crevices that are sub-grade. The compositionis generally in the “foam phase” when at least 5% by volume of theinitial volume of the applied composition may be characterized by a“froth” or “foam” consistency.

In some embodiments, it is desirable for the composition to be capableof remaining in a foam phase for at least about 30 minutes afterapplication in order to increase the distribution and bioavailability ofthe toxic pesticide within the target application site. By remaining inthe foam phase, the composition remains suspended within the treatedsite longer which allows for particulate pesticide to remain evenlydispersed within or across the treated site. This is particularlyadvantageous for the treatment of interior or structural voids. Thelonger the foam remains intact the less moisture that is available torun off or flow out of the treatment area and carry toxic compounds intosurrounding areas that may not be protected or allow for unintentionalcontact by humans or animals. Maintaining the distribution of theparticulate pesticide across the entire treated area also eliminates thecreation of spots or zones of pesticide concentrations that are too lowto affect the target insect or other arthropod while at the same timecreating spots or zones where the concentration of the pesticide may besufficiently great resulting in insects or other arthropods beingrepelled.

In one embodiment, the composition is capable of remaining in the foamphase for at least about 30 minutes after application. In various otherembodiments, the composition is capable of remaining in a foam phase forat least about 1 hour after application, at least about 2 hours afterapplication or even at least about 4 hours after application. In variousother embodiments, the composition is capable of remaining in a foamphase for from about 10 minutes to about 10 hours after application orfrom about 30 minutes to about 5 hours after application.

In other embodiments, it is desirable for the pesticide composition tobe capable of being in a foam phase after application but remain in thefoam phase for less than about 10 minutes after application. Suchcompositions may generically be referred to as “fast-breaking.”Generally, this is desirable when the pesticide composition is to beapplied outdoors such as, for example, application to exterior surfacesexposed to typical weather conditions. The advantage of fast-breakingfoams is that the individual applying the composition can easily viewthe foamed area that has been treated, avoiding over application orpossible treatment of unintended areas, yet the foam disintegratesrelatively quickly to promote the drying of the treatment area whichreduces the potential for unintended dislodging or transfer of the wetmaterial by means of humans or animal traffic within the treated areafollowing application.

In one embodiment, the composition after applied is capable of remainingin the foam phase for less than about 10 minutes after application. Thepesticide composition may be capable of being in a foam phase afterapplication and remains in the foam phase for less than about 5 minutesafter application and, in other embodiments, for less than about 2minutes, for less than about 1 minute, for less than about 30 secondsand even less than about 15 seconds after application. In someembodiments, the pesticide composition foams for from about 1 second toabout 5 minutes, for from about 1 second to about 1 minute, for fromabout 5 seconds to about 1 minute or from about 5 seconds to about 30seconds after application. The rate at which the foam breaks maygenerally be controlled by selecting the amount of surfactant includedin the composition with higher amounts of surfactant corresponding tolower foam breaking rates. The rate may also be controlled by selectionof appropriate wands and/or nozzles. The length of time the compositionfoams may also be increased by using hydrocarbon propellants or by usingthickening agents such as, for example, xantham gum.

The fast-breaking foam broadly acts as a visual indicator (e.g., asopposed to conventional compositions that are applied as a liquid whichis difficult to see once applied, particularly to a ground surface) toallow the individual applying the composition to readily see areas thathave been treated, thus reducing the risk of over application orpossible treatment of unintended areas. The foam breaks down ordisintegrates relatively quickly to promote the drying of the treatmentarea, thus reducing the potential for unintended dislodging or transferof the wet material by humans, animal traffic and/or wind followingapplication. There is also no undesired or unsightly visual indicatorremaining once the treatment is completed.

While in some embodiments the composition is configured to deliver avisual indicator in the form of a foam, it is understood that othervisual indicators instead, or additionally, may be provided in thecomposition without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Forexample, in some embodiments the composition may be deliverable aseither a liquid or a foam (or a powder) and may include a visualindicator in the form of a colorant to allow the person applying thetreatment to track where applications have been made. In particular suchembodiments the colorant may suitably fade or disappear shortly afterapplication (e.g., within the same timing requirements as thefast-breaking foam discussed above).

Generally, the pesticide composition expands as it is applied andtransitions to the foam phase. The foamable pesticide composition may becharacterized by a foam expansion ratio of at least about 2:1. In otherembodiments, the composition is characterized by a foam expansion ratioof at least about 10:1 or even about 25:1. In various other embodiments,the ready-to-use foamable pesticide composition is characterized by afoam expansion ratio of from about 2:1 to about 60:1 or from about 10:1to about 40:1.

The pesticide composition may also contain a surfactant system.Generally, the surfactant system may cause the composition to be in afoam phase after applied. The composition may contain at least about0.05% surfactant system by weight of the composition and, in otherembodiments, at least about 0.15%, or even at least about 0.25%surfactant system by weight of the composition. In other variousembodiments, the pesticide composition includes from about 0.05% toabout 0.45% surfactant system by weight of the composition or from about0.1% to about 0.4% surfactant system by weight of the composition.

The surfactant system may include synthetic or natural surfactants and aplurality of surfactants may be included in the system. Suitablesurfactants include, for example, fatty acid soaps. The surfactant orsurfactants may be chosen from potassium coconut fatty acid, sodiumlauryl sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate, alpha olefin sulfonates andmixtures thereof. Suitable alpha olefin sulfonates include C14 to C16olefin sulfonates and mixtures thereof. In a particular embodiment, thesurfactant system comprises potassium coconut fatty acid and an alphaolefin sulfonate.

The surfactant system may include at least about 0.05% by weight coconutfatty acid and, in other embodiments, includes at least about 0.1% byweight coconut fatty acid or at least about 0.15% by weight coconutfatty acid. In various other embodiments, the surfactant systemcomprises from about 0.05% to about 1% by weight coconut fatty acid orfrom about 0.05% to about 0.5% by weight coconut fatty acid.

The surfactant system may include at least about 0.01% by weight C14 toC16 olefin sulfonates, at least about 0.05% by weight C14 to C16 olefinsulfonates or even at least about 0.09% by weight C14 to C16 olefinsulfonates. In various other embodiments, the surfactant systemcomprises from about 0.01% to about 0.5% by weight C14 to C16 olefinsulfonates, from about 0.01% to about 0.2% by weight C14 to C16 olefinsulfonates. The total amount of surfactants within the surfactant systemmay be at least about 0.05% surfactants by weight of the composition, atleast about 0.1%, at least about 0.25% or even at least about 0.4%surfactants by weight of the composition.

The ready-to-use pesticide compositions of embodiments of the presentdisclosure may also include a preservative compound. The preservativecompound acts to prevent biological breakdown of the composition bymicroorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. Suitable preservativesinclude butylated hydroxytoluene, butylated hydroxyanisole,tert-butylhydroquinone, propyl gallate, parabens, sulfur dioxide,ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, sodium benzoate and mixtures thereof.In one embodiment, the preservative is sodium benzoate. The total amountof preservative compounds in the composition may be at least about 0.01%by weight of the composition and, in other embodiments, at least about0.1% by weight of the composition or even at least about 0.15% by weightof the composition. In various other embodiments, the total amount ofpreservative compounds in the composition is from about 0.01% to about0.40% by weight of the composition or from about 0.1% to about 0.40% byweight of the composition.

When fipronil is used as the pesticide, the pesticide composition mayalso contain a fipronil stabilizer compound. Such compounds prevent orslow the rate at which fipronil breaks down and loses its pesticidaleffectiveness. Generally, the stabilizer compound maintains a pH of thecomposition below 8 at which fipronil is more active. The fipronilstabilizer compound may be an organic acid. In one embodiment, thefipronil stabilizer compound is citric acid. The total amount offipronil stabilizer compounds in the composition may be at least about0.005% by weight of the composition. In various other embodiments, thetotal amount of fipronil stabilizer compounds in the composition is fromabout 0.005% to about 1% by weight of the composition, from about 0.005%to about 0.1% by weight of the composition or from about 0.005% to about0.05% by weight of the composition.

As packaged, the composition may also include propellants whichpressurize the storage container and which create foaming action uponapplication of the composition. The total amount of propellants in thepesticide composition may be at least about 1% by weight of thecomposition. Suitable propellants include, for example, propane,isobutane, dimethyl ether, difluoroethane, tetrafluoroethane, carbondioxide and mixtures thereof.

In one embodiment, the composition is characterized by a pH of fromabout 6.5 to about 8 and, in another embodiment, by a pH of from about 7to about 7.25. If the composition has a pH below about 6.5 to about 7,the container housing the composition may corrode with lower pH'scorresponding to a higher rate of corrosion. Also, fipronil tends to bemore active at a pH below about 8. The composition may be characterizedby a pH other than those listed without departing from the scope of thepresent disclosure.

Generally, the composition is prepared by mixing all ingredients otherthan propellants in their relative proportions and, in one embodiment,as done in Example 1 below. Citric acid may be mixed until the desiredpH is reached. All mixing can be done at room temperature. Once mixed,the composition is added to a suitable container and a propellant may beadded if desired.

Generally, the composition is applied to a target void, crevice orsurface. Once applied, the composition may be in a foam phase. Targetpests may be contacted with the foam phase as it is applied or come intocontact with the foam after applied. Further, the foam composition maydisintegrate into a liquid composition and the pest may contact thecomposition while the composition is in a liquid phase. The liquid mayevaporate to form dried particulate pesticide residue on the locus ofapplication.

Pesticide Applicator

Embodiments of the ready-to-use foamable pesticide composition describedabove may be incorporated into a pesticide applicator utilized forapplying pesticides such as fipronil to pests. Generally, the applicatormay include a container and a pesticide composition within thecontainer. The pesticide composition may optionally include a diluent,particulate pesticide (e.g., fipronil) suspended in the diluent, athickening agent and a surfactant system comprising at least onesurfactant. Other optional additives include foam stabilizers (which mayalso serve as thickening agents), preservatives, fipronil stabilizersand/or propellants as described above.

Suitable containers may be constructed of, for example, three-piecetinplate, aluminum and PET-lined steel containers. The pesticidecomposition may be pressurized within the container by addition of apropellant. The total amount of propellants in the pesticide compositionmay be at least about 1% by weight of the composition and, in anotherembodiment, is at least about 5% by weight of the composition. The totalamount of propellants in the pesticide composition may be from about 1%to about 12% by weight or even about 3% to about 10% by weight. Asstated above, suitable propellants include propane, isobutane, dimethylether, difluoroethane, tetrafluoroethane, carbon dioxide and mixturesthereof. In one embodiment, the composition comprises propane andisobutane as propellants. The propellants may be compressed gases,soluble gases or liquefied gases. In one embodiment, the propellant is aliquefied hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of propane,isobutane, dimethyl ether, difluoroethane and tetrafluoroethane.

Referring now to FIG. 1, an embodiment of a pesticide applicator forstorage and application of pesticide compositions of embodiments of thepresent disclosure is illustrated. The applicator 20 includes acontainer 25. The applicator 20 includes a pesticide composition (notshown) within the container 25 as described above. In one embodiment,the pesticide composition includes a solvent, a pesticide dissolved inthe solvent and an attractant.

The pesticide applicator 20 includes a cap 28 which houses a valve (notshown). An actuator (not shown but generally located within or as partof the cap at 32) is connected to the valve for regulating the flow ofthe pesticide composition from the container 25. The actuator is sizedand shaped for activation by a pressing force that may be provided by ahuman finger. The applicator 20 includes an exhaust port 38 that isfluidly connected to the container 25 upon activation of the actuator(i.e., opening of the valve). An injector tip 35 is fluidly connected tothe exhaust port through a tube 40.

For purposes of the present disclosure, “fluidly connected” is meant toinclude, for example, arrangements in which a fluid is capable offlowing within after application of a differential fluid driving forcesuch as, for example, a pressure difference.

A second embodiment of an applicator of the present disclosure isillustrated in FIG. 2. The pesticide applicator 120 is similar to theapplicator 20 of FIG. 1 however the applicator 120 does not include aninjector tip. Also the tube 140 may be more rigid such that the userdoes not need to grasp and direct the tube to the area of applicationbut rather can direct the direction of dispersion of the compositionwith the same hand used to activate the actuator. In one embodiment, theapplicator does not include a tube 140 and the composition is appliedthrough the exhaust port 138.

A third embodiment of an applicator of the present disclosure isillustrated in FIG. 3. The pesticide applicator 220 includes a container225 (e.g., aerosol can) with an internal valve (not shown), an adaptorclamp 230 and a delivery system 214 as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.6,840,461 which is incorporated herein for all relevant and consistentpurposes. As shown, the delivery system includes a coiled hose 242(which optionally may or may not be extendible), wand 260 and exhaustport 238; however, it should be understood that other delivery systemsmay be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.The composition is dispensed upon activation of the actuator 222.Suitable wands (including wands used with other containers andapplicators) may be a variety of lengths (e.g., about 10 in to about 25inches). The delivery system (e.g., assembly gun) may be obtainedcommercially from B&G Equipment Company (Jackson, Ga.) and the wand maybe obtained from Spraying Systems Company (Wheaton, Ill.). A suitablenozzle for use in perimeter applications (i.e., fast-breaking foams) isa TJet 650033 nozzle. As appreciated by those of skill in the art, thenozzle may be selected to influence or control the amount of time thefoam remains in the foam-phase. Containers other than aerosol cans asshown in FIG. 3 may be used without departing from the scope of thepresent disclosure.

In another embodiment, the applicator includes a pump that is actuatedby hand. A suitable pump spraying apparatus is illustrated and describedin U.S. Pat. No. 6,415,956 which is incorporated herein for all relevantand consistent purposes. In another embodiment, the pump is electricallypowered. The pump may pull the composition into a chamber and blow thecomposition out of a tube similar to the tube 140 of FIG. 2.

Before application of the composition it may be desirable to shake theapplicator 20 so as to thoroughly mix the ingredients. In oneembodiment, a small object is within the container such as, for example,a ¼ inch (6.4 mm) stainless steel ball. The object acts to acceleratethe mixing of the ingredients.

Generally, the pesticide applicator may be used to control pests bydispensing the pesticide composition from the container and applying thecomposition to the target surface. The composition may be dispensed by,for example, applying a downward pressing force to the actuator of theapplicator illustrated in FIGS. 1-3.

Methods for Controlling Pests

In one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method for controllingpests includes contacting a pest with a pesticidally effective amount ofa composition comprising a diluent, particulate suspended in thediluent, a thickening agent and a surfactant system comprising at leastone surfactant as described above. Other optional additives include foamstabilizers (which may also serve as thickening agents), preservatives,fipronil stabilizers and/or propellants as described above.

The composition may be applied to a target surface (void, space,crevice, etc.) and the composition may be in a foam phase afterapplication. The pest may contact the composition while the compositionis in the foam phase or the foam may disintegrate into a liquidcomposition and the pest contacts the composition while the compositionis in a liquid phase. In one embodiment, the composition dries to leavebehind dried particulate pesticide and the pest contacts the driedparticulate pesticide.

The pesticide composition is well suited for application to the exteriorof commercial or residential structures and in some embodiments forapplication interior of such structures as well. For example, in oneembodiment of a method for controlling pests, a suitable applicator suchas an applicator described above and is used to apply the composition toa target surface, such as the ground and/or exterior surface of abuilding structure, landscaping materials, and/or about any outdoor area(e.g., a garden area, a treed area, wooden fence posts, etc.). Thecomposition is suitably applied in a predetermined pattern or at leastan orderly or sequential pattern (e.g., along a circumferential patharound a building structure) along a path of treatment. For example, inone embodiment, the composition may be applied in sequential,side-by-side rows that are normal to or otherwise not parallel to thepath of treatment. In other embodiments, the composition may be appliedin a single continuous line along the path of treatment, orintermittent, generally end-facing-end lines along the path oftreatment.

During application, the visual indicator provided by the fast-breakingfoaming-action of the composition allows the individual applying thecomposition to readily and temporarily determine by visible inspectionwhere the composition has been applied and where next to apply thecomposition to facilitate complete coverage of the target surfacewithout over-application of the composition.

In embodiments wherein the pesticide is toxic to arthropods such as antsand termites, perimeter application ensures that pests which cross thepesticide barrier contact the pesticide and are deterred or killedbefore or upon entry into the structure. In embodiments wherein thepesticide is a repellant to arthropods, the barrier acts to keep pestsfrom crossing the barrier and entering the structure. Suitablepesticides may be toxic and/or repellant. In some embodiments, thecomposition includes more than one pesticide compound and, optionally,one compound is that repellant and one compound that is toxic toarthropods.

In some embodiments, the pest contacts the active pesticide uponapplication of the composition. It should be understood that contactbetween the pest and the pesticide composition may be caused byapplication of the composition in a space occupied by the pest or by thepest moving from one location to a location in which the composition hasbeen applied. For purposes of the present application, the phrases“contacting a pest with the composition,” “pest contacts thecomposition,” “pest is contacted with the composition” and the like areinterchangeable and generally refer to contact between the compositionand the pest and do not infer translocation of either the pest orcomposition.

In some embodiments, the pest does not contact the pesticide compositionuntil after about 1 minute after application, until after about 5minutes or even until after about 30 minutes after application.Generally, the pesticide composition maintains its activity such that itis suitable for the pest to not contact the composition until afterabout 1 hour after application, until after about 12 hours afterapplication, until after about 1 day after application, until afterabout 3 days after application or even until after about 7 days or moreafter application.

The amount of foaming agent (e.g., surfactant) in the pesticidecomposition may be selected to cause the composition to remain in thefoam phase for a minimum target time or, as in another embodiment, amaximum target time. Alternatively, the applicator may be selected tocause the composition to remain in the foam phase for a desired targettime. In certain embodiments where a minimum time the compositionremains in the foam phase is desired, the composition may remain in afoam phase for at least about 30 minutes after application, for at leastabout 1 hour or even for at least about 2 hours after application. Invarious other embodiments, the composition remains in a foam phase forfrom about 10 minutes to about 10 hours after application or for fromabout 30 minutes to about 5 hours after application. In certainembodiments where a maximum time the composition remains in the foamphase is desired, the composition may remain in a foam phase for lessthan about 10 minutes after application, for less than about 5 minutes,for less than about 2 minutes, for less than about 1 minute, for lessthan about 30 seconds or even less than about 15 seconds afterapplication. In some embodiments, the pesticide composition remains inthe foam phase for from about 1 second to about 5 minutes, for fromabout 1 second to about 1 minute, for from about 5 seconds to about 1minute or from about 5 seconds to about 30 seconds after application.

In this manner, the foam remains visible for a sufficient time such thatthe person applying the composition may use the foam as a guide todetermine which areas have been treated and which have not, but allowsthe foam to break in a sufficiently short time so that the foam does notremain publicly visible after the person applying the composition isfinished with the application process or at least within a short periodthereafter. Fast-breaking foams also reduce the likelihood of the foamblowing away in the wind and reduce the amount of foam that collects onthe exhaust port of the dispensing device.

While compositions, applicators and methods of embodiments of thepresent disclosure are generally described as containing a diluent witha particulate pesticide suspended therein, it should be understood thatin certain embodiments, the foamable pesticide composition includes asolvent, a pesticide dissolved in the solvent, a thickening agent and asurfactant system comprising at least one surfactant. In certainembodiments, the solvent is water. Other optional additives include foamstabilizers (which may also serve as thickening agents), preservativesand/or propellants as described above.

While compositions, applicators and methods of embodiments of thepresent disclosure are generally described with reference to fipronil orother pesticides, it should be understood that these embodiments mayoptionally include other pesticides in combination or in place of thesecompound. Additional materials that may be included in the pesticidecompositions of the present disclosure include essential oils or plantextracts such as spearmint, peppermint, clove, geraniol, wintergreen,lemongrass, thyme, and mixtures thereof.

Generally, the ready-to-use pesticide compositions, pesticideapplicators and methods for controlling pests of embodiments of thepresent disclosure are suitable for treatment and control of pestpopulations generally. In one embodiment, the pest is an arthropod and,in another embodiment, is an insect. The target pest may be selectedfrom the group consisting of termites, ants, cockroaches, beetles,earwigs, silverfish, crickets, spiders, centipedes, flies, mosquitoes,gnats, moths, wasps, hornets, bees, centipedes, millipedes, scorpions,pillbugs, sowbugs and the like. In one embodiment, the pest is a termiteand, in another embodiment, the pest is an ant.

EXAMPLES Example 1 Preparation of a Foamable Pesticide Composition thatIncludes Suspended Technical Grade Particulate Fipronil

Deionized water was weighed out into a mixing vessel. Sodium benzoate(4.33 g; Emerald Kalama Chemical; Kalama, Wash.) was mixed into thewater until dissolved. In a separate vessel a mixture of C14 to C16olefin sulfonates sold under the brand name BIO-TERGE AS-40 (6.49 g withabout 39% being active sulfonates; Stepan Company; Northfield, Ill.) wasmixed with potassium coconut fatty acid (4.33 g; Derrick Soap Products;St. Louis, Mo.) and an amount of deionized water. Particulate fipronil(1.46 g with about 88.75% active fipronil; BASF; Germany) was added tothe second vessel with caution to prevent dusting of fipronil. Xanthamgum sold under the brand name “Ticaxan Rapid-2 (2.16 g; Tic Gums; WhiteMarsh, Md.) was added to the first vessel while mixing. After the firstmixture was fully thickened the second mixture was added to the firstmixture. The total amount of water added to the solution was 1982.92 g.Citric acid (0.24 g; ADM; Decatur, Ill.) was added to adjust the pH tobetween 7 and 7.25.

The composition appeared as a slightly hazy liquid after preparation andhad a viscosity between about 50 to 1500 cps.

The mixture was added to a nickel tinplate DOT 2Q quality container(22.6 fl. oz. (0.668 liter)) lined with polyethylene terephthalate. Thecontainer included an exhaust valve and was activated by an actuator.The container exhausted into a tube that terminated in an injector tip.A first propellant sold under the brand name A-46 (26 g; DiversifiedCPC; Channahon, Ill.) that is a mixture of propane and isobutane (15.2%propane, 84.8% isobutane) and a second propellant that is propane andsold under the brand name A-108 (12.6 g; Diversified CPC; Channahon,Ill.) were added to the composition within the container. The twocompositions were added in a ratio that generally matches the vaporpressure of an A-70 composition.

A foaming actuator was attached. The composition produced a consistentfoam that appeared homogeneous. The relative proportions of allingredients are shown in Table 1 below.

TABLE 1 Relative proportions of ingredients used to prepare thepesticide composition of Example 1. Component Inclusion (wt %)Particulate Fipronil 0.0676 (0.0600 active) Sodium Benzoate 0.2000Xantham Gum 0.1000 C14 to C16 Olefin Sulfonates 0.3000 (0.1173 active)Potassium Coconut Fatty Acid 0.200 Citric Acid 0.0110 Water 91.6213 A-46 (15.2% propane, 84.8% isobutane) 5.0483 A-108 (100% propane) 2.4518

Example 2 Preparation of a Foamable Pesticide Composition that IncludesSuspended Particulate Fipronil Obtained from TERMIDOR® SC

A foamable pesticide composition containing suspended fipronil wasprepared; however, unlike Example 1 which used technical grade fipronil,the source of fipronil in Example 2 was TERMIDOR® SC. It was found thatTERMIDOR® SC contained fipronil in a smaller particle size that was lesslikely to settle out during storage of the composition.

Deionized water (2955.18 g) was weighed out into a mixing vessel. Sodiumbenzoate (6.49 g; Emerald Kalama Chemical; Kalama, Wash.) was mixed intothe water until dissolved. Xantham gum sold under the brand name“Ticaxan Rapid-2 (3.25 g; Tic Gums; White Marsh, Md.) was added to thefirst vessel while mixing. After the xantham gum thickened the mixture,C14 to C16 olefin sulfonates sold under the brand name BIO-TERGE AS-40(9.74 g with about 39% being active sulfonates; Stepan Company;Northfield, Ill.) and potassium coconut fatty acid (6.49 g; Derrick SoapProducts; St. Louis, Mo.) were mixed in the composition. Particulatefipronil sold under the brand name TERMIDOR® SC (21.40 g with about9.10% active fipronil; BASF; Germany) was mixed in the composition.Citric acid (0.36 g; Tate & Lyle; London, UK) was added to adjust the pHto between 7 and 7.25.

The mixture was added to a nickel tinplate DOT 2Q quality container(22.6 fl. oz. (0.668 liter)) lined with polyethylene terephthalate. Thecontainer included an exhaust valve and was activated by an actuator.The container exhausted into a tube. A first propellant sold under thebrand name A-46 (26 g; Diversified CPC; Channahon, Ill.) that is amixture of propane and isobutane (15.2% propane, 84.8% isobutane) and asecond propellant that is propane and sold under the brand name A-108(12.6 g; Diversified CPC; Channahon, Ill.) were added to the compositionwithin the container. The two compositions were added in a ratio thatgenerally matches the vapor pressure of an A-70 composition.

The composition produced a consistent foam that appeared homogeneous.The relative proportions of all ingredients are shown in Table 2 below.

TABLE 2 Relative proportions of ingredients used to prepare thepesticide composition of Example 2. Component Inclusion (wt %)Particulate Fipronil 0.6593 (0.0600 active) Sodium Benzoate 0.2000Xantham Gum 0.1000 C14 to C16 Olefin Sulfonates 0.3000 (0.1173 active)Potassium Coconut Fatty Acid 0.2000 Citric Acid 0.0110 Water 91.0296 A-46 (15.2% propane, 84.8% isobutane) 5.0483 A-108 (100% propane) 2.4518

The method for producing the composition described above was used toprepare a second fipronil composition containing TERMIDOR® SC. Thecomposition contained higher amounts of fipronil and is a suitableformulation for outdoor perimeter application. The composition is shownin Table 3 below.

TABLE 3 Relative proportions of ingredients used to prepare a secondpesticide composition of Example 2. Component Inclusion (wt %)Particulate Fipronil 7.1429 (0.6506 active) Sodium Benzoate 0.2000Xantham Gum 0.1500 C14 to C16 Olefin Sulfonates 0.2000 (0.0782 active)Potassium Coconut Fatty Acid 0.3000 Water 87.0071  A-46 (15.2% propane,84.8% isobutane) 3.3655 A-108 (100% propane) 1.6345

Example 3 Determination of the Insecticidal Efficacy of a Pressured FoamPesticide Composition that Includes Fipronil Against Ants and Termites

A pressurized pesticide composition containing fipronil (0.06 wt %active) was prepared according to the method of Example 2. A controlcomposition containing no fipronil was also prepared and a commercialfoam formulation sold under the brand name PREMISE® (Bayer EnvironmentalScience; Research Triangle Park, N.C.) that contains imidacloprid as thepesticide active was obtained.

Each composition was applied from its container to a Petri dish threetimes. The Petri dish was weighed before and after application todetermine the amount of material applied. The amount of pesticidecomposition applied to each Petri dish and the average from eachcomposition are shown in Table 4 below.

TABLE 4 Amount of pesticide composition applied to sample Petri dishesfor testing purposes. Amount Average Amount discharged dischargeddischarge Treatment in 1 sec (g) in 5 sec (g) rate (g/sec) Fipronil Foam1.8 8.8 1.8 Composition 1.1 5.5 2.5 12.6 Control (No 2.1 10.6 2.2Fipronil) 2.7 13.6 1.8 8.8 PREMISE ® Foam 1.9 9.3 2.1 2.0 10.0 2.5 12.6

To test the repellency and mortality of the compositions, 15 workercarpenter ants (Camponotus sp.) were added to a Petri dish (150 mmdiameter, 25 mm tall, 15 ants per dish) with holes drilled on oppositesides of the Petri dish. A tube was attached to each hole. One tube hadbeen exposed to the foam composition by applying the composition intothe tube for 1 second followed by drip drying overnight. The other tubewas not treated. After attachment to the Petri dish, the far end of eachtube was then plugged with a #1 cotton pellet soaked in 10% sucrosesolution and taped shut. Fifteen (15) ants were added to the Petri dishto determine if the ants were repelled by the pesticide composition.This was repeated 4 times for each foam treatment. Dead insects were notremoved. Foams tested include the fipronil foam composition of Example2, PREMISE® Foam, the foam of Example 2 except containing no fiproniland a control in which no foam was applied. To measure repellency, thenumber of ants in the untreated and treated sides were counted (the antsin the center dish were not counted) and the percentage in each siderelative to the total number of ants in each side (treated anduntreated) was calculated. The results are shown in Table 5.

TABLE 5 Repellency and mortality results for ants introduced into aPetri dish with treated and untreated tubing attached thereto. Post Mean% occurrence of ants in tubes Exposure and mean % mortality TreatmentTime (hr) Treated Untreated Mortality Fipronil Foam 0.25 69.6 30.4 0.0Composition 0.5 69.0 38.7 0.0 0.75 61.3 38.7 0.0 1 74.3 25.7 1.7 4 80.020.0 1.7 24 73.3 26.7 48.3 48 — — 96.7 Blank Foam 0.25 5.9 94.1 0.0Composition (the foam 0.5 6.1 77.1 0.0 composition of 0.75 22.9 77.1 0.0Example 2 containing 1 19.0 81.0 0.0 no Fipronil) 4 17.9 82.1 0.0 2416.9 83.1 0.0 48 — — 0.0 PREMISE ® Foam 0.25 7.7 92.3 0.0 0.5 10.0 90.00.0 0.75 10.0 90.0 0.0 1 9.5 90.5 0.0 4 9.5 90.5 0.0 24 0.0 100.0 30.048 — — 40.0 Untreated Control 0.25 41.7 58.3 0.0 0.5 55.3 45.7 0.0 0.7554.3 45.7 0.0 1 39.5 60.5 0.0 4 55.4 44.6 0.0 24 44.8 55.2 0.0 48 — —0.0

As may be seen from Table 5, the fipronil composition was not repellantbut the blank composition was repellant. The fipronil compositionresulted in significantly more mortality than the PREMISE® Foamcomposition.

Subterranean termites (Reticulitermes flavipes) were also tested todetermine the repellency and mortality effect of the fipronilcomposition of Example 2. Three Petri dishes (100 mm diameter, 20 mmtall) were connected by tubing. The two side dishes contained coloredfilter paper as bait. The foam composition was applied for 1.5 secondsto one side dish and the 30 termites were added to the center dish. Deadinsects were not removed from the Petri dishes. This was repeated 4times for each foam treatment. The results are shown in Table 6 below.

TABLE 6 Repellency and mortality results for termites (Reticulitermesflavipes) introduced into the center dish of three connected Petridishes with one dish containing various pesticide compositions. PostMean % occurrence of termites in Exposure Petri dishes and mean %mortality Treatment Time (hr) Treated Untreated Mortality Fipronil Foam2 56.0 44.0 11.7 Composition 4 76.0 1.8 33.3 24 98.2 1.8 59.2 48 — —92.5 Blank Foam Composition 2 70.0 30.0 11.7 (the foam composition of 4100.0 54.2 19.2 Example 2 containing no 24 45.8 54.2 20.0 Fipronil) 48 —— 20.8 PREMISE ® Foam 2 80.0 20.0 0.0 4 49.2 50.0 0.0 24 50.0 50.0 0.048 — — 0.8 Untreated Control 2 90.3 9.7 0.8 4 95.2 0.0 0.8 24 100.0 0.00.8 48 — — 0.8

As can be seen from Table 6, the fipronil composition caused highertermite mortality than the PREMISE® Foam composition.

Another repellency and mortality test was performed on drywood termites(Incisitermes snyderi). Comb-shaped wooden harborages were placed onopposite ends of a Petri dish (150 mm diameter, 25 mm tall). Theharborages were formed by cutting 5 notches into 7.5 cm×2.5 cm×4.0 cmblocks. One harborage was treated with the respective pesticidecomposition inside and out and the other was untreated. Fifteen (15)termites were added to the Petri dish equidistant from the twoharborages. The harborages were wetted with 1-2 drops of water tomaintain their moisture level. The test was repeated four times for eachcomposition. The results are shown in Table 7.

TABLE 7 Repellency and mortality results for termites (Incisitermessnyderi) introduced into the center dish of three connected Petri disheswith one dish containing various pesticide compositions. Post Mean %occurrence of termites in Exposure Petri dishes and mean % mortalityTreatment Time (hr) Treated Untreated Mortality Fipronil Foam 0.25 58.341.7 0.0 Composition 0.5 45.5 45.5 0.0 0.75 54.5 45.5 0.0 1 58.2 41.80.0 4 61.8 38.2 0.0 24 61.8 38.2 41.8 48 — — 96.4 72 — — 100.00 BlankFoam Composition 0.25 67.3 32.7 0.0 (the foam composition of 0.5 60.737.3 0.0 Example 2 containing no 0.75 62.7 37.3 0.0 Fipronil) 1 63.336.7 0.0 4 63.3 36.7 0.0 24 58.3 41.7 0.0 48 — — 10.9 72 — — 34.5PREMISE ® Foam 0.25 70.4 29.6 0.00 Untreated Control 0.5 60.0 42.6 0.00.75 57.4 42.6 0.0 1 54.9 45.1 0.0 4 52.0 48.0 0.0 24 43.3 56.7 0.0 48 —— 30.9 72 — — 65.5 Untreated Control 0.25 32.3 67.7 0.0 0.5 45.7 48.80.0 0.75 51.2 48.8 0.0 1 49.1 50.9 0.0 4 54.4 45.6 0.0 24 54.2 45.8 0.048 — — 1.8 72 — — 1.82

As can be seen from Table 7, the fipronil composition caused highertermite mortality than the PREMISE® Foam composition.

To further test the bioactivity of the pesticide composition of Example2, the pesticide composition was applied directly to worker carpenterants (Camponotus sp.), to subterranean termites (Reticulitermesflavipes) and to drywood termites (Incisitermes snyderi). Eachrespective foam composition was applied through a hole drilled through alid of a Petri dish. In the test using ants, 15 ants were placed in aPetri dish (150 mm diameter, 25 mm tall). The fipronil foam compositionand the blank foam composition were applied for 2 seconds and thePREMISE® Foam composition was applied for 5 seconds. This was repeatedfour times for each pesticide composition. In the test involvingtermites, 30 termites were placed in a Petri dish (100 mm diameter, 20mm tall) that did not contain a substrate. The fipronil foam compositionand the blank foam composition were applied for 1.5 seconds and thePREMISE® Foam composition was applied for 4 seconds. The test wasrepeated four times for each composition. After application of thepesticide composition, the insects were removed from the treated dishesand placed into untreated Petri dishes. Dead insects were not removedfrom the Petri dishes. Results are shown in Table 8 below.

TABLE 8 Termite and ant mortality upon direct application of variouspesticide compositions. Post Mean % insect mortality Exposure CarpenterSubterranean Treatment Time (hr) ant termite Fipronil Foam 2 100.0 98.3Composition 4 100.0 100.0 24 100.0 100.0 Blank Foam 2 100.0 95.8Composition (the foam 4 100.0 95.8 composition of 24 100.0 100.0 Example2 containing no Fipronil) PREMISE ® Foam 2 98.3 100.0 Untreated Control4 100.0 100.0 24 100.0 100.0 Untreated Control 2 0.0 0.0 4 0.0 0.0 240.0 0.0

As can be seen from Table 8, the new fipronil composition was aseffective as the commercial formulation 4 hours after application.

To further test the bioactivity of the pesticide composition of Example2, the pesticide composition was applied indirectly to worker carpenterants (Camponotus sp.), to subterranean termites (Reticulitermesflavipes) and to drywood termites (Incisitermes snyderi). The foamcompositions tested were applied to Petri dishes and the foam wasallowed to dissipate and dry before insects were added. In the testusing ants, the fipronil foam composition and the blank foam compositionwere applied for 2 seconds and the PREMISE® Foam composition was appliedfor 5 seconds. Fifteen (15) ants were placed in a Petri dish (150 mmdiameter, 25 mm tall) 24 hours after application. This was repeated fourtimes for each pesticide composition. In the test involvingReticulitermes flavipes, the respective pesticide compositions wereapplied to Petri dishes (100 mm diameter, 20 mm tall) containing a sandsubstrate. After drying, the substrate was re-wetted with water. Thefipronil foam composition and the blank foam composition were appliedfor 1.5 seconds and the PREMISE® Foam composition was applied for 4seconds. After drying, thirty (30) termites were placed in the Petridishes. In the test involving Incisitermes snyderi, the respectivepesticide compositions were applied to Petri dishes (100 mm diameter, 20mm tall) that did no contain a substrate. The fipronil foam compositionand the blank foam composition were applied for 1.5 seconds and thePREMISE® Foam composition was applied for 4 seconds. Thirty (30)termites were placed in the Petri dishes. The test was repeated fourtimes for each composition. Dead insects were not removed from the Petridishes. Results are shown in Table 9 below.

TABLE 9 Termite and ant mortality upon indirect application of variouspesticide compositions. Post Mean % insect mortality Exposure CarpenterSubterranean Drywood Treatment Time (hr) ant termite termite FipronilFoam 1 0.0 1.7 3.3 Composition 4 0.0 93.3 33.3 24 100.0 100.0 100.0 48100.0 100.0 100.0 Blank Foam 1 1.7 2.5 0.0 Composition (the foam 4 1.785.8 0.0 composition of 24 39.0 89.2 1.7 Example 2 containing 48 57.681.7 51.7 no Fipronil) PREMISE ® Foam 1 100.0 100.0 100.0 UntreatedControl 4 100.0 100.0 100.0 24 100.0 100.0 100.0 48 100.0 100.0 100.0Untreated Control 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 4 0.0 0.0 0.0 24 0.0 0.0 0.0 48 0.0 0.00.0

As can be seen from Table 9, the fipronil foam composition was 100%effective at 24 hours after application.

Example 4 Comparison of a Fipronil Foam Pesticide Composition of thePresent Disclosure Against Commercial Foam Formulations in ControllingTermites

The fipronil pesticide composition of Example 2 was prepared. Termitepopulations were exposed to the fipronil pesticide composition as wellas several commercially available foam compositions to determineefficacy of control. The commercial foam compositions were ALPINE® Antand Termite Foam (BASF; Germany), FASTOUT® CS Foam (BASF; Germany) andPREMISE® Foam (Bayer Environmental Science; Research Triangle Park,N.C.). A control was also tested. ALPINE® Ant and Termite Controlcontains dinotefuran as the active. FASTOUT® CS Foam containsmicroencapsulated cyfluthrin as the active. PREMISE® Foam containsimidacloprid as the pesticide active.

The pesticide compositions were applied to Petri dishes (150 mmdiameter; 25 mm tall). Two hundred (200) worker termites (3^(rd) instarlarva stage or older) were added to each respective Petri dish. Eachtrial was replicated six times for two species of termite: Easternsubterranean termites (Reticulitermes flavipes) and Formosansubterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus). Mean mortalities wereanalyzed by ANOVA with means separated using Student-Newman-Keuls testat P<0.05. The mortality results are shown in Tables 10 and 12.

TABLE 10 Mortality of termites (C. formasanus) when exposed to variouspesticide compositions. 24 48 72 Treatment 1 hour 4 hours 8 hours hourshours hours Fipronil 2.16 2.66 2.83 128.66 200.00 200.00 CompositionALPINE ® 2.16 3.16 3.83 15.00 32.66 70.33 Foam FASTOUT ® 190.0 200.00200.00 200.00 200.00 200.00 Foam PREMISE ® 2.50 6.00 6.00 7.66 29.66125.00 Foam Untreated 0.50 1.33 2.50 2.83 3.33 2.00 Control

TABLE 11 Mortality of termites (R. flavipes) when exposed to variouspesticide compositions. 24 48 72 Treatment 1 hour 4 hours 8 hours hourshours hours Fipronil 0.83 2.83 40.66 200.00 200.00 200.00 CompositionALPINE ® 0.16 0.16 1.50 19.50 147.83 183.66 Foam FASTOUT ® 198.00 200.00200.00 200.00 200.00 200.00 Foam PREMISE ® 2.50 6.00 6.00 7.66 29.66158.00 Foam Untreated 0.83 1.00 1.33 1.83 1.83 2.16 Control

As can be seen from Tables 10 and 11, the fipronil foam pesticidecompositions was nearly as effective as or even more effective thancommercial foam formulations.

Example 5 Efficacy of a Fipronil Foam Pesticide Composition inControlling Worker Ants (Camponotus modoc)

The pressurized fipronil pesticide composition as set forth in Example 2was prepared. Pine boards (1.9 cm in depth) were cut into sections (18.3cm×22.5 cm). One side of each section was treated with fipronil foam byapplying foam over the surface and weighing the pressurized containerbefore and after each application. Boards were allowed to dry for 24hours and foam was applied to the opposite side followed by drying for24 hours. The container was weighed between applications. Water was alsoapplied to board sections as a control and the water-treated boards wereallowed to dry for 24 hours. The amount of foam and water applied to thesections is shown in Table 12 below.

TABLE 12 Amount of fipronil and pesticide applied to pine boardsubstrates. Treatment Repetition Side 1 Side 2 Fipronil Composition 110.9 9.8 2 10.9 9.8 3 11.1 9.6 4 11.3 9.6 5 11.4 9.8 6 11.0 9.7 Control(water) 1 10.0 10.0 2 10.0 10.0 3 10.0 10.0 4 10.0 10.0 5 10.0 10.0 610.0 10.0

The board sections were placed in treatment chambers (30 cm×22 cm) for24 hours before ants were introduced. Each chamber was treated withFLOUN® to prevent ants from escaping from the chambers. Approximately athird of the chamber lids were removed to provide ventilation. A waterbottle with a cotton stopper and a honey dish was added to each chamber.Ants were added 2-3 days after the pesticide compositions were appliedto the board sections.

After ants were added, the ants crawled under the boards after they wereintroduced into the chambers. No repellency to the treated wood wasobserved. When boards were lifted to observe mortality, the antsremained on the treated surface. The mortality results are shown inTable 13 below.

TABLE 13 Ant mortality after exposure to fipronil foam composition andcontrol. Number Treatment Repetition added 1 hr 2 hr 4 hr 8 hr 18 hr 24hr 30 hr 48 hr Fipronil 1 54 0 0 1 1 34 52 54 54 Composition 2 60 0 0 00 31 53 60 60 3 54 0 0 0 0 30 54 54 54 4 58 0 0 0 0 24 44 58 58 5 52 0 00 0 20 45 52 52 6 53 1 1 1 1 35 53 53 53 Total 331 1 1 2 2 174 301 331331 % — 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.6 52.6 90.0 100.0 100.0 Control 1 54 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 (water) 2 53 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 56 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 4 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 05 54 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 56 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 Total 328 1 1 1 1 3 3 4 4 % —0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.9 0.9 1.2 1.2

As can be seen from Table 13, no mortality was observed at 1, 2, 4 or 8hours. At 18 hours, over a 50% mortality was observed which increased to90% in 24 hours.

Example 6 Comparison of a Fipronil Foam Pesticide Composition of thePresent Disclosure Against Commercial Foam Formulations in ControllingAnts

Artificial carpenter ant nests were constructed from pine wood (2 in×8in (5.1 cm×20.3 cm)). Sections of wood (10 in long (25.4 cm)) withparallel, 1.5 in (3.8 cm) diameter holes drilled lengthwise into theboard, but ending just before breaking through the back end were used asnests. To connect these two parallel galleries, a third hole was drilledfrom one side of the board to the other, perpendicular to and across thepath of the parallel galleries, thereby connecting all three galleriestogether. The board was then cut lengthwise down the center, resultingin two galleried pieces of wood that mirrored one another.

Ants were exposed to the fipronil pesticide composition preparedaccording to Example 2 as well as several commercially available foamcompositions to determine efficacy of control. The commercial foamcompositions were PREMISE® Foam (Bayer Environmental Science; ResearchTriangle Park, N.C.) and CYKICK® aerosol (BASF; Germany) which containscyfluthrin as an active. For both foams, one-half of each pair of blocks(n=5 blocks per treatment) was treated with enough foam to completelycoat the inside of all galleries (i.e., foam was injected into one holeuntil it ran from all other holes in the wood block). For CYKICK®, a oneto two-second burst was squirted into each gallery. For each of thethree pesticide treatments, the sister-side was left untreated. For theuntreated control treatment, neither side was treated. The next day,after the insecticide treatments had dried, masking tape was applied toall exposed surfaces of each block in order to cover those areas wheretreatment was inadvertently applied. Applying insecticides into ablock's galleries sometimes resulted in insecticide residue on theoutside surface of blocks. In order to be sure that resultant antmortality was from insecticide residues inside the blocks, all exposed,external surfaces of wood were covered with masking tape so that antswere not inadvertently killed as they crawled on the outside surface ofthe wood blocks. After blocks were wrapped in tape, thetreated-untreated block pairs were put back together on the floor of aFLOUN®-lined, plastic box (31 cm deep×23 cm wide×10 cm high). Twenty(20) carpenter ants were added to each box. The following day, thenumber of ants alive and dead/dying inside each block (and outsideeither block but inside the plastic box) was recorded. Dying ants weredefined as those that were twitching, unable to crawl and/or rightthemselves and/or exhibited an agitated gait with legs in a spread eaglefashion with open jaws. When probed or touched, many of these dying antswould bring their head up, exposing its mandibles in an open andaggressive manner. Each of the four treatments was replicated 5 times.

Ninety-eight to 100 of the 100 ants used in each treatment (20 ants perreplicate×5 replicates per treatment) were recovered. One or two ants injust four of the 20 replicates escaped during the counting process andcould not be accounted for. In the remaining 16 replicates, all 20 antswere accounted for. This did not appreciably affect our results. No antsdied (0% mortality) in either the Untreated Control or Premise Foamtreatments, while just 3% were killed by the CYKICK® treatment.Conversely, all ants (100%) were dead/dying one day after beingintroduced into fipronil foam-treated wood blocks; by the second day,all were completely dead Notably, 93% of the dead/dying ants on day onepost-treatment in the fipronil foam treatment were discovered on thefloor of the plastic box (i.e., not inside either block).

In the three treatments exhibiting zero to little mortality (CYKICK®,PREMISE® foam and Control) just 6-7% of ants were discovered in theopen, and not inside either wood block, at the time data were tallied.The remaining ants were found harboring inside the wood blocks. In theuntreated control, for instance, 74% (68 of 92 ants) of the ants thatwere found inside a wood block were found inside the block on the leftside, while the remaining 26% of ants found inside a wood block (24 of92 live ants) were found harboring inside the block on the right side.In the CYKICK® treatment, 100% (93 of 93 ants) of the ants that werefound inside a wood block were found inside the untreated block. In thePREMISE® foam treatment, 77% (72 of 94 ants) of the ants that were foundinside a wood block were found inside the block on the left side(untreated block), while the remaining 23% of the ants that were foundinside a wood block (22 of 94 live ants) were found harboring inside thePREMISE® foam-treated block. Notably, none of the ants found harboringinside the PREMISE®-foam treated block were dead or seemed to beadversely affected. The results of the testing are shown in Table 14below (“L”=live, “D”=dead).

TABLE 14 Repellency and mortality for ant populations exposed to variouspesticide compositions. Ants Ants Ants In Inside Inside PlasticUntreated Untreated Box But Block Block Outside (Left (Right Wood Side)Side) Blocks % Treatment Rep L D L D L D Total Colony Block MortalityFipronil 1 0 1 0 0 0 18 19 16 2 100 Foam 2 0 2 0 2 0 16 20 29 14 100 3 00 0 2 0 18 20 16 17 100 4 0 0 0 0 0 20 20 39 10 100 5 0 0 0 0 0 19 19 1622 100 PREMISE ® 1 7 0 8 0 5 0 20 16 16 0 Foam 2 13 0 7 0 0 0 20 39 5 03 13 0 6 0 1 0 20 16 7 0 4 20 0 0 0 0 0 20 39 12 0 5 19 0 1 0 0 0 20 3921 0 CYKICK ® 1 18 0 0 0 0 2 20 16 23 10 2 20 0 0 0 0 0 20 39 3 0 3 17 00 0 2 1 20 16 9 5 4 19 0 0 0 1 0 20 39 19 0 5 19 0 0 0 0 0 19 16 13 0Untreated 1 14 0 2 0 4 0 20 16 20 0 Control 2 9 0 11 0 0 0 20 39 8 0 315 0 2 0 2 0 19 16 11 0 4 13 0 6 0 1 0 20 39 1 0 5 17 0 3 0 0 0 20 39 150

When introducing elements of the present invention or the preferredembodiments(s) thereof, the articles “a”, “an”, “the” and “said” areintended to mean that there are one or more of the elements. The terms“comprising”, “including” and “having” are intended to be inclusive andmean that there may be additional elements other than the listedelements.

As various changes could be made in the above apparatus and methodswithout departing from the scope of the invention, it is intended thatall matter contained in the above description and shown in theaccompanying figures shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in alimiting sense.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for applying a pesticide to a target surface, the method comprising: dispensing a pesticide composition onto a first area of the target surface, the pesticide composition including a particulate pesticide, a thickening agent, a surfactant system comprising at least one fatty acid soap, and a visual indicator to visually indicate where the pesticide composition has been applied after dispensing; and dispensing additional pesticide composition onto a second area of the target surface at least in part different from the first area thereof based at least in part on the visual indicator present in the pesticide composition dispensed onto the first area of the target surface.
 2. The method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the pesticide composition is configured for application onto the target surface as a fast-breaking foam whereby the fast-breaking foam defines the visual indicator of the composition.
 3. A method as set forth in claim 2 wherein the fast-breaking foam is in a foam phase for less than about 2 minutes after application.
 4. A method as set forth in claim 2 wherein the fast-breaking foam is in a foam phase for less than about 1 minute after application.
 5. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the particulate pesticide is an arthropodicide selected from the group consisting of (M1) organo(thio)phosphate compounds selected from the group consisting of acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos-ethyl, azinphos-methyl, chlorethoxyfos, chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, coumaphos, cyanophos, demeton-S-methyl, diazinon, dichlorvos/DDVP, dicrotophos, dimethoate, dimethylvinphos, disulfoton, EPN, ethion, ethoprophos, famphur, fenamiphos, fenitrothion, fenthion, flupyrazophos, fosthiazate, heptenophos, isoxathion, malathion, mecarbam, methamidophos, methidathion, mevinphos, monocrotophos, omethoate, oxydemeton-methyl, parathion, parathion-methyl, phenthoate, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, phoxim, pirimiphos-methyl, profenofos, propetamphos, prothiofos, pyraclofos, pyridaphenthion, quinalphos, sulfotep, tebupirimfos, temephos, terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos, thiometon, triazophos, trichlorfon and vamidothion; (M2) carbamate compounds selected from the group consisting of aldicarb, alanycarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, formetanate, furathiocarb, isoprocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb, oxamyl, pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox, trimethacarb, XMC, xylylcarb and triazamate; (M3) pyrethroid compounds selected from the group consisting of acrinathrin, allethrin, d-cis-trans allethrin, d-trans allethrin, bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin S-cylclopentenyl, bioresmethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, empenthrin, esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, flucythrinate, flumethrin, tau-fluvalinate, halfenprox, imiprothrin, metofluthrin, permethrin, phenothrin, prallethrin, profluthrin, pyrethrin (pyrethrum), resmethrin, silafluofen, tefluthrin, tetramethrin, tralomethrin and transfluthrin; (M4) juvenile hormone mimics selected from the group consisting of hydroprene, kinoprene, methoprene, fenoxycarb and pyriproxyfen; (M5) nicotinic receptor agonists/antagonists compounds selected from the group consisting of acetamiprid, bensultap, cartap hydrochloride, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, nitenpyram, nicotine, spinosad (allosteric agonist), spinetoram (allosteric agonist), thiacloprid, thiocyclam, thiosultap-sodium and AKD 1022; (M6) GABA gated chloride channel antagonist compounds selected from the group consisting of chlordane, endosulfan, gamma-HCH (lindane); ethiprole, fipronil, pyrafluprole and pyriprole; (M7) chloride channel activators selected from the group consisting of abamectin, emamectin benzoate, milbemectin and lepimectin; (M8) METI I compounds selected from the group consisting of fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyrimidifen, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad, tolfenpyrad, flufenerim and rotenone; (M9) METI II and III compounds selected from the group consisting of acequinocyl, fluacyprim, hydramethylnon; (M10) uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation selected from the group consisting of chlorfenapyr and DNOC; (M11) inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation selected from the group consisting of azocyclotin, cyhexatin, diafenthiuron, fenbutatin oxide, propargite, tetradifon; (M12) moulting disruptors selected from the group consisting of cyromazine, chromafenozide, halofenozide, methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide; synergists selected from the group consisting of piperonyl butoxideand tribufos; (M14) sodium channel blocker compounds selected from the group consisting of indoxacarb, metaflumizone; (M15) selective feeding blockers selected from the group consisting of crylotie, pymetrozine and flonicamid; (M16) mite growth inhibitors selected from the group consisting of clofentezine, hexythiazox and etoxazole; (M17) chitin synthesis inhibitors selected from the group consisting of buprofezin, bistrifluoron, chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, teflubenzuron and triflumuron; (M18) lipid biosynthesis inhibitors selected from the group consisting of spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, spirotetramat; (M19) octapaminergic agonsits selected from amitraz; (M20) ryanodine receptor modulators selected from the group consisting of flubendiamide and the phtalamid compound (R)—, (S)-3-Chlor-N1-{2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluor-1-(trifluormethyl)ethyl]phenyl}-N2-(1-methyl-2-methylsulfonylethyl)phthalamid (M20.1); (M21) isoxazoline compounds selected from the group consisting of 4-[5-(3,5-Dichloro-phenyl)-5-trifluoromethyl-4,5-dihydro-isoxazol-3-yl]-2-methyl-N-pyridin-2-ylmethyl-benzamide (M21.1), 4-[5-(3,5-Dichloro-phenyl)-5-trifluoromethyl-4,5-dihydro-isoxazol-3-yl]-2-methyl-N-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-benzamide (M21.2), 4-[5-(3,5-Dichloro-phenyl)-5-trifluoromethyl-4,5-dihydro-isoxazol-3-yl]-2-methyl-N-[(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethylcarbamoyl)-methyl]-benzamide (M21.3), 4-[5-(3,5-Dichloro-phenyl)-5-trifluoromethyl-4,5-dihydro-isoxazol-3-yl]-naphthalene-1-carboxylic acid [(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethylcarbamoyl)-methyl]-amide (M21.4), 4-[5-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)-5-trifluoromethyl-4,5-dihydro-isoxazol-3-yl]-N-[(methoxyimino)methyl]-2-methylbenzamide (M21.5) 4-[5-(3-Chloro-5-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-5-trifluoromethyl-4,5-dihydro-isoxazol-3-yl]-2-methyl-N-[(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethylcarbamoyl)-methyl]-benzamide (M21.6), 4-[5-(3-Chloro-5-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-5-trifluoromethyl-4,5-dihydro-isoxazol-3-yl]-naphthalene-1-carboxylic acid [(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethylcarbamoyl)-methyl]-amide (M21.7) and 5-[5-(3,5-Dichloro-4-fluoro-phenyl)-5-trifluoromethyl-4,5-dihydro-isoxazol-3-yl]-2-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl-benzonitrile (M21.8); (M22) anthranilamide compounds selected from the group consisting of chloranthraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, 5-Bromo-2-(3-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid [4-cyano-2-(1-cyclopropyl-ethylcarbamoyl)-6-methyl-phenyl]-amide (M22.1), 5-Bromo-2-(3-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid [2-chloro-4-cyano-6-(1-cyclopropyl-ethylcarbamoyl)-phenyl]-amide (M22.2), 5-Bromo-2-(3-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid [2-bromo-4-cyano-6-(1-cyclopropyl-ethylcarbamoyl)-phenyl]-amide (M22.3), 5-Bromo-2-(3-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid [2-bromo-4-chloro-6-(1-cyclopropyl-ethylcarbamoyl)-phenyl]-amide (M22.4), 5-Bromo-2-(3-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid [2,4-dichloro-6-(1-cyclopropyl-ethylcarbamoyl)-phenyl]-amide (M22.5), 5-Bromo-2-(3-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid [4-chloro-2-(1-cyclopropyl-ethylcarbamoyl)-6-methyl-phenyl]-amide (M22.6), N′-(2-{[5-Bromo-2-(3-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-2H-pyrazole-3-carbonyl]-amino}-5-chloro-3-methyl-benzoyl)-hydrazinecarboxylic acid methyl ester (M22.7), N′-(2-{[5-Bromo-2-(3-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-2H-pyrazole-3-carbonyl]-amino}-5-chloro-3-methyl-benzoyl)-N′-methyl-hydrazinecarboxylic acid methyl ester (M22.8), N′-(2-{[5-Bromo-2-(3-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-2H-pyrazole-3-carbonyl]-amino}-5-chloro-3-methyl-benzoyl)-N,N′-dimethyl-hydrazinecarboxylic acid methyl ester (M22.9), N′-(3,5-Dibromo-2-{[5-bromo-2-(3-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-2H-pyrazole-3-carbonyl]-amino}-benzoyl)-hydrazinecarboxylic acid methyl ester (M22.10), N′-(3,5-Dibromo-2-{[5-bromo-2-(3-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-2H-pyrazole-3-carbonyl]-amino}-benzoyl)-N′-methyl-hydrazinecarboxylic acid methyl ester (M22.11) and N′-(3,5-Dibromo-2-{[5-bromo-2-(3-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-2H-pyrazole-3-carbonyl]-amino}-benzoyl)-N,N′-dimethyl-hydrazinecarboxylic acid methyl ester (M22.12); (M23) malononitrile compounds selected from the group consisting of 2-(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoropentyl)-2-(3,3,3-trifluoro-propyl)malononitrile (CF2H—CF2-CF2-CF2-CH2-C(CN)2-CH2-CH2-CF3) (M23.1) and 2-(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoropentyl)-2-(3,3,4,4,4-pentafluorobutyl)-malonodinitrile (CF2H—CF2-CF2-CF2-CH2-C(CN)2-CH2-CH2-CF2-CF3) (M23.2); (M24) microbial disruptors selected from the group consisting of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Israelensi, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki and Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Tenebrionis; (M25) aminofuranone compounds selected from the group consisting of 4-{[(6-Bromopyrid-3-yl)methyl](2-fluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on (M25.1), 4-{[(6-Fluoropyrid-3-yl)methyl] (2,2-difluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on (M25.2), 4-{[(2-Chloro-1,3-thiazolo-5-yl)methyl] (2-fluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on (M25.3), 4-{[(6-Chloropyrid-3-yl)methyl](2-fluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on (M25.4), 4-{[(6-Chloropyrid-3-yl)methyl](2,2-difluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on (M25.5), 4-{[(6-Chloro-5-fluoropyrid-3-yl)methyl] (methyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on (M25.6), 4-{[(5,6-Dichloropyrid-3-yl)methyl](2-fluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on (M25.7), 4-{[(6-Chloro-5-fluoropyrid-3-yl)methyl](cyclopropyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on (M25.8), 4-{[(6-Chloropyrid-3-yl)methyl](cyclopropyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on (M25.9) and 4-{[(6-Chloropyrid-3-yl)methyl] (methyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on (M25.10); (M26) various other compounds selected from the group consisting of amidoflumet, benclothiaz, benzoximate, bifenazate, borax, bromopropylate, cyenopyrafen, cyflumetofen, chinomethionate, dicofol, fluoroacetate, pyridalyl, pyrifluquinazon, tartar emetic, sulfoxaflor, N—R′-2,2-dihalo-1-R″cyclo-propanecarboxamide-2-(2,6-dichloro-α,α,α-trifluoro-p-tolyl)hydrazone or N—R′-2,2-di(R′″)propionamide-2-(2,6-dichloro-α,α,α-trifluoro-p-tolyl)-hydrazone, wherein R′ is methyl or ethyl, halo is chloro or bromo, R″ is hydrogen or methyl and R′″ is methyl or ethyl, 4-But-2-ynyloxy-6-(3,5-dimethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-2-fluoro-pyrimidine (M26.1), Cyclopropaneacetic acid, 1,1′-[(3S,4R,4aR,6S,6aS,12R,12aS,12bS)-4-[[(2-cyclopropylacetyl)oxy]methyl]-1,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,12,12a,12b-decahydro-[2-hydroxy-4,6a,12b-trimethyl-11-oxo-9-(3-pyridinyl)-2H,11H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyrano[3,4-e]pyran-3,6-diyl]ester(M26.2) and 8-(2-Cyclopropylmethoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-3-(6-trifluoromethyl-pyridazin-3-yl)-3-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane (M26.3).
 6. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the particulate pesticide is a fungicide selected from the group consisting of respiration inhibitors selected from the group consisting of azoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, enestroburin, fluoxastro-bin, kresoxim-methyl, meto-minostrobin, orysastrobin, picoxy-strobin, pyraclostrobin, pyrametostrobin, pyraoxystrobin, pyribencarb, trifloxystrobin, methyl (2-chloro-5 [1-(3-methylbenzyl-oxy-imino)-ethyl]benzyl)-carba-mate and 2 (2-(3-(2,6-di-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-allylidene-aminooxy-methyl)-phenyl)-2-methoxyimino-N methyl-acetamide, famoxadone, fenamidone, benodanil, bixafen, boscalid, carboxin, fen-furam, fenhexamid, fluopyram, flutolanil, furametpyr, isopyrazam, isotianil, mepronil, oxycarboxin, penflufen, penthiopyrad, sedaxane, tecloftalam, thifluz-amide, tiadinil, 2-amino-4 methyl-thiazole-5-carbox-anilide, N-(3′,4′,5′ tri-fluoro-bi-phenyl-2 yl)-3-difluoro-methyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4 carboxamide, N-(4′-tri-fluoro-methyl-thiobi-phenyl-2-yl)-3 difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H pyrazole-4-carbox-amide and N-(2-(1,3,3-trimethyl-butyl)-phenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-5 fluoro-1H-pyrazole-4 carbox-amide, cyazofamid, amisulbrom, diflumetorim, binapacryl, dinobuton, dinocap, fluazinam, nitrthal-isopropyl, tecnazen, ferimzone, fentin salts, ametoctradin, silthiofam; sterol biosynthesis inhibitors (SBI fungicides) selected from the group consisting of azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, difenoconazole, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, epoxiconazole, fenbuconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, paclobutrazole, penconazole, propiconazole, prothio-conazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triticonazole, uniconazole, imazalil, pefurazoate, oxpoconazole, prochloraz, triflumizole, fenarimol, nuarimol, pyrifenox, triforine, aldimorph, dodemorph, dodemorph-acetate, fenpropimorph, tridemorph, fenpropidin, piperalin, spiroxamine, fenhexamid, benalaxyl, benalaxyl-M, kiralaxyl, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam), ofurace, oxadixyl, hymexazole, octhilinone, oxolinic acid, bupirimate, benomyl, carbendazim, fuberidazole, thiabendazole, thiophanate-methyl, 5-chloro-7 (4-methyl-piperidin-1-yl)-6-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)-[1,2,4]tri-azolo-[1,5a]pyrimidine, diethofencarb, ethaboxam, pencycuron, fluopicolide, zoxamide, metrafenone, cyprodinil, mepanipyrim, nitrapyrin, pyrimethanil, blasticidin-S, kasugamycin, kasugamycin hydrochloride-hydrate, mildiomycin, streptomycin, oxytetracyclin, polyoxine, validamycin A, fluoroimid, iprodione, procymidone, vinclozolin, fenpiclonil, fludioxonil, quinoxyfen, edifenphos, iprobenfos, pyrazophos, isoprothiolane, dicloran, quintozene, tecnazene, tolclofos-methyl, biphenyl, chloroneb, etridiazole, dimethomorph, flumorph, mandiproamid, pyrimorph, benthiavalicarb, iprovalicarb, pyribencarb, valifenalate and N-(1-(1-(4-cyano-phenyl)-ethanesulfonyl)-but-2-yl) carbamic acid-(4-fluorophenyl) ester, propamocarb, propamo-carb-hydrochlorid, Bordeaux mixture, copper acetate, copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, basic copper sulfate, sulfur, ferbam, mancozeb, maneb, metam, methasulphocarb, metiram, propineb, thiram, zineb, ziram, anilazine, chlorothalonil, captafol, captan, folpet, dichlofluanid, dichlorophen, flusulfamide, hexachlorobenzene, pentachlorphenole and its salts, phthalide, tolylfluanid, N-(4-chloro-2-nitro-phenyl)-N-ethyl-4-methyl-benzenesulfonamide, guanidine, dodine, dodine free base, guazatine, guazatine-acetate, iminoctadine, iminoctadine-triacetate, iminoctadine-tris(albesilate), dithianon, validamycin, polyoxin B, pyroquilon, tricyclazole, carpropamide, dicyclomet, fenoxanil, acibenzolar-S-methyl, probenazole, isotianil, tiadinil, prohexadione-calcium, fosetyl, fosetyl-aluminum, phosphorous acid and its salts, bronopol, chinomethionat, cyflufenamid, cymoxanil, dazomet, debacarb, diclomezine, difenzoquat, difenzoquat-methylsulfate, diphenylamin, flumetover, flusulfamide, flutianil, methasulfocarb, oxin-copper, proquinazid, tebufloquin, tecloftalam, triazoxide, 2-butoxy-6-iodo-3-propylchromen-4-one, N-(cyclo-propylmethoxyimino-(6-difluoro-methoxy-2,3-difluoro-phenyl)-methyl)-2-phenyl acetamide, N′-(4-(4-chloro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N methyl formamidine, N′ (4-(4-fluoro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl formamidine, N′-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-4-(3-trimethyl-silanyl-prop-oxy)-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl formamidine, N′-(5-difluoromethyl-2 methyl-4-(3-tri-methylsilanyl-propoxy)-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl formamidine, 2-{1-[2-(5-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-pyrazole-1-yl)-acetyl]-piperidin-4-yl}-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-naphthalen-1-yl)-amide, 2-{1-[2-(5-meth-yl-3-trifluoromethyl-pyrazole-1-yl)-acetyl]-piperidin-4-yl}-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl-(R)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-naphthalen-1-yl-amide, methoxy-acetic acid 6-tert-butyl-8-fluoro-2,3-dimethyl-quinolin-4-yl ester and N-Methyl-2-{1-[(5-methyl-3-trifluoro-methyl-1H-pyr-azol-1-yl)-acetyl]-piperi-din-4-yl}-N-[(1R)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-naphthalen-1-yl]-4-thi-azolecarboxamide, 3-[5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-isoxazolidin-3 yl]-pyridine, 3-[5-(4-methyl-phenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-isoxazolidin-3-yl]-pyridine, 5-amino-2-iso-propyl-3-oxo-4-ortho-tolyl-2,3-dihydro-pyrazole-1 carbo-thioic acid S-allyl ester, N-(6-methoxy-pyridin-3-yl) cyclopropanecarboxylic acid amide, 5-chloro-1 (4,6-dimethoxy-pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-methyl-1H-benzoimidazole, 2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-N-[4-(3,4-dimeth-oxy-phenyl)-isoxazol-5-yl]-2-prop-2-ynyloxy-acetamide, abscisic acid, amidochlor, ancymidol, 6-benzylaminopurine, brassinolide, butralin, chlormequat (chlormequat chloride), choline chloride, cyclanilide, daminozide, dike-gulac, dimethipin, 2,6-dimethylpuridine, ethephon, flumetralin, flurprimidol, fluthi-acet, forchlorfenuron, gibberellic acid, inabenfide, indole-3-acetic acid, maleic hydrazide, mefluidide, mepiquat (mepiquat chloride), naphthaleneacetic acid, N 6 benzyladenine, paclobutrazol, prohexadione (prohexadione-calcium), prohydrojasmon, thidiazuron, triapenthenol, tributyl phosphorotrithioate, 2,3,5 tri iodobenzoic acid, trinexapac-ethyl and uniconazole and antifungal biocontrol agents.
 7. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the particulate pesticide is a herbicide selected from the group consisting of acetochlor, alachlor, butachlor, dimethachlor, dimethenamid, flufenacet, mefenacet, metolachlor, metazachlor, napropamide, naproanilide, pethoxamid, pretilachlor, propachlor, thenylchlor, bilanafos, glyphosate, glufosinate, sulfosate, clodinafop, cyhalofop-butyl, fenoxaprop, fluazifop, haloxyfop, metamifop, propaquizafop, quizalofop, quizalofop-P-tefuryl, diquat, paraquat, asulam, butylate, carbetamide, desmedipham, dimepiperate, eptam (EPTC), esprocarb, molinate, orbencarb, phenmedipham, prosulfocarb, pyributicarb, thiobencarb, triallate, butroxydim, clethodim, cycloxydim, profoxydim, sethoxydim, tepraloxydim, tralkoxydim, benfluralin, ethalfluralin, oryzalin, pendimethalin, prodiamine, trifluralin, acifluorfen, aclonifen, bifenox, diclofop, ethoxyfen, fomesafen, lactofen, oxyfluorfen, bomoxynil, dichlobenil, ioxynil, imazamethabenz, imazamox, imazapic, imazapyr, imazaquin, imazethapyr, clomeprop, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2,4-DB, dichlorprop, MCPA, MCPA-thioethyl, MCPB, Mecoprop, chloridazon, flufenpyr-ethyl, fluthiacet, norflurazon, pyridate, aminopyralid, clopyralid, diflufenican, dithiopyr, fluridone, fluoroxypyr, picloram, picolinafen, thiazopyr, amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron, chlorimuron-ethyl, chlorsulfuron, cinosulfuron, cyclosulfamuron, ethoxysulfuron, flazasulfuron, flucetosulfuron, flupyrsulfuron, foramsulfuron, halosulfuron, imazosulfuron, iodosulfuron, mesosulfuron, metazosulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, nicosulfuron, oxasulfuron, primisulfuron, prosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron, rimsulfuron, sulfometuron, sulfosulfuron, thifensulfuron, triasulfuron, tribenuron, trifloxysulfuron, triflusulfuron, tritosulfuron, 1((2-chloro-6-propyl-imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazin-3-yl)sulfonyl)-3-(4,6-dimethoxy-pyrimidin-2-yl)urea, triazines: ametryn, atrazine, cyanazine, dimethametryn, ethiozin, hexazinone, metamitron, metribuzin, prometryn, simazine, terbuthylazine, terbutryn, triaziflam, chlorotoluron, daimuron, diuron, fluometuron, isoproturon, linuron, metha-benzthiazuron, tebuthiuron, bispyribac-sodium, cloransulam-methyl, diclosulam, florasulam, flucarbazone, flumetsulam, metosulam, ortho-sulfamuron, penoxsulam, propoxycarbazone, pyribambenz-propyl, pyribenzoxim, pyriftalid, pyriminobac-methyl, pyrimisulfan, pyrithiobac, pyroxasulfone, pyroxsulam, amicarbazone, aminotriazole, anilofos, beflubutamid, benazolin, bencarbazone, benfluresate, benzofenap, bentazone, benzobicyclon, bicyclopyrone, bromacil, bromobutide, butafenacil, butamifos, cafenstrole, carfentrazone, cinidon-ethlyl, chlorthal, cinmethylin, clomazone, cumyluron, cyprosulfamide, dicamba, difenzoquat, diflufenzopyr, Drechslera monoceras, endothal, ethofumesate, etobenzanid, fenoxasulfone, fentrazamide, flumiclorac-pentyl, flumioxazin, flupoxam, fluorochloridone, flurtamone, indanofan, isoxaben, isoxaflutole, lenacil, propanil, propyzamide, quinclorac, quinmerac, mesotrione, methyl arsonic acid, naptalam, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon, oxaziclomefone, pentoxazone, pinoxaden, pyraclonil, pyraflufen-ethyl, pyrasulfotole, pyrazoxyfen, pyrazolynate, quinoclamine, saflufenacil, sulcotrione, sulfentrazone, terbacil, tefuryltrione, tembotrione, thiencarbazone, topramezone, (3-[2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-(3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-trifluoromethyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyrimidin-1-yl)-phenoxy]-pyridin-2-yloxy)-acetic acid ethyl ester, 6-amino-5-chloro-2-cyclopropyl-pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester, 6-chloro-3-(2-cyclopropyl-6-methyl-phenoxy)-pyridazin-4-ol, 4-amino-3-chloro-6-(4-chloro-phenyl)-5-fluoro-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid and 4-amino-3-chloro-6-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester, and 4-amino-3-chloro-6-(4-chloro-3-dimethylamino-2-fluoro-phenyl)-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester.
 8. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the pest contacts the composition after application of the composition.
 9. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the thickening agent is selected from the group consisting of bentonite clay, xantham gum, guar gum, gum arabic, alginin, gum tragacanth and sodium alginate.
 10. A method as set forth in claim 1 comprising a foam stabilizer.
 11. A method as set forth in claim 10 wherein the thickening agent is also the foam stabilizer.
 12. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the surfactant system comprises a surfactant selected from the group consisting of potassium coconut fatty acid, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate and alpha olefin sulfonates.
 13. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the particulate pesticide is fipronil.
 14. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the composition comprises at least about 0.005% by weight particulate pesticide. 